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ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 11.9999 0 0 11.9999 48.0188 569.594 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ( )Tj 3.0519 0 Td ( )Tj 3.0568 0 Td ( )Tj 3.9449 0 Td (\r )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (\r )Tj 2.4946 0 Td (\r )Tj 0 g 3.7795 0 Td (\r )Tj 0 0 0 1 k 1.8898 0 Td ( )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (   )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 172.006 506.835 cm BT /F1 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Abstrac)Tj 3.8693 0 Td (t )Tj /F2 1 Tf -3.8693 -1.3748 Td ()Tj /F0 1 Tf 4.5779 0 Td (! )Tj 0 0 0 1 k /F3 1 Tf -0.03 Tc 1.1339 0 Td (Inter-firm )Tj 4.252 0 Td (collabor)Tj 3.3378 0 Td (ative )Tj 2.5087 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7764 0 Td (typically )Tj 3.9402 0 Td (requir)Tj 2.4095 0 Td (es )Tj 1.552 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.0677 0 Td (e )Tj 1.0843 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6567 0 Td (among )Tj 3.5079 0 Td (individua)Tj 3.7559 0 Td (ls )Tj -44.5609 -1.2543 Td (employed )Tj 4.6063 0 Td (by )Tj 1.4669 0 Td (collaborati)Tj 4.3016 0 Td (ng )Tj 1.5237 0 Td (firms. )Tj 2.6858 0 Td (Howev)Tj 2.8772 0 Td (er, )Tj 1.4953 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8575 0 Td 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1.0347 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.7764 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0174 0 Td (leaking )Tj 3.3661 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9064 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0346 0 Td (lower )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (radica)Tj 2.7709 0 Td (l )Tj 0.4252 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6701 0 Td (performan)Tj 4.5284 0 Td (ce. )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (The )Tj 1.8426 0 Td (same )Tj 2.6149 0 Td (results )Tj 3.0969 0 Td (are )Tj -43.8239 -1.2473 Td (not )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (found )Tj 3.0756 0 Td (for )Tj 1.7079 0 Td (incrementa)Tj 4.8969 0 Td (l )Tj 0.7795 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4505 0 Td (, )Tj 0.8433 0 Td (implyin)Tj 3.0969 0 Td (g )Tj 1.1693 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2039 0 Td (uncontr)Tj 3.3166 0 Td (olled )Tj 2.6858 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.7149 0 Td (leakage )Tj 4.0536 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (especially )Tj -40.8404 -1.2472 Td (detriment)Tj 4.1457 0 Td (al )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.189 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4505 0 Td (. )Tj /C3 cs 1 scn /F2 1 Tf 0 Tc -13.7623 -1.6087 Td (\n \n \n\r)Tj /F0 1 Tf 8.1638 0 Td (! )Tj 0 0 0 1 k /F3 1 Tf 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(with )Tj 2.041 0 Td (regard )Tj 3.2457 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1126 0 Td (what )Tj 2.3669 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.4456 0 Td (they )Tj -43.3845 -1.2472 Td (share, )Tj 2.9267 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (what )Tj 2.2749 0 Td (extent )Tj 2.8701 0 Td (they )Tj 2.0551 0 Td (share )Tj 2.6504 0 Td (it )Tj 0.6874 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8922 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (whom )Tj 2.8276 0 Td (they )Tj 2.048 0 Td (share )Tj 2.6504 0 Td (it. )Tj /C3 cs 1 scn /F2 1 Tf 0 Tc -25.8379 -1.7575 Td ()Tj 0 g /F3 1 Tf 5.2795 0 Td (Knowle)Tj 3.2457 0 Td (dge )Tj 1.9985 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 3.8126 0 Td (Radical )Tj 3.5858 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.5142 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5032 0 Td (Increm)Tj 3.0898 0 Td (ental )Tj 2.374 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.5142 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5032 0 Td (Inter-rm )Tj 4.2095 0 Td (collabo)Tj 3.2457 0 Td (ration, )Tj -40.8759 -1.2544 Td (Knowledg)Tj 4.4716 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7725 0 Td (leakage )Tj /C3 cs 1 scn /F2 1 Tf -5.2441 -1.5094 Td ()Tj 2.9976 0 Td ()Tj 0 g /F3 1 Tf 2.2748 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.4717 0 Td (paper )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 242.249 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ("# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td ($ \r  )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 225.241 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 0.03 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Firms )Tj 2.9165 0 Td (share )Tj 2.9732 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.474 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2174 0 Td (external )Tj 4.1133 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (various )Tj 3.748 0 Td (important )Tj 4.8189 0 Td (reasons )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1418 0 Td (with )Tj -38.3622 -1.3795 Td (several )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (strategic )Tj 4.4031 0 Td (purposes )Tj 4.7056 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (mind. )Tj 2.8977 0 Td (Sharing )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (externally )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (helps )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (scan )Tj 2.526 0 Td (the )Tj -38.7779 -1.3858 Td (competitive )Tj 5.9212 0 Td (landscape )Tj 5.411 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2725 0 Td (which )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (they )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (operate, )Tj 4.3968 0 Td (develop )Tj 4.252 0 Td (new )Tj 2.3496 0 Td (ideas )Tj 3.0236 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (capabilities, )Tj -34.4881 -1.3858 Td (and )Tj 2.085 0 Td (eventually )Tj 5.052 0 Td (pursue )Tj 3.559 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.7953 0 Td (and/or )Tj 3.3386 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.5275 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.6315 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2252 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1717 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.726 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9165 0 Td (Foss )Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.0283 -1.3796 Td (et )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (As )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6881 0 Td (exchange )Tj 5.2095 0 Td (between )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.504 0 Td (tends )Tj 3.2 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (be )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (reciprocal, )Tj -35.1622 -1.3858 Td (external )Tj 4.2078 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5748 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (helps )Tj 3.0111 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (bring )Tj 2.9102 0 Td (about )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (benefits )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (within )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (and )Tj -38.444 -1.3858 Td (beyond )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (the )Tj 1.77 0 Td (partnership )Tj 5.726 0 Td (context )Tj 3.7796 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Tranekjer )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (and )Tj 2.104 0 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (2012)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj 2.9354 0 Td (see )Tj 1.9905 0 Td (also )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.2363 0 Td (Serenko )Tj 4.1637 0 Td (and )Tj -38.444 -1.3858 Td (Bontis, )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (Indeed, )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (research )Tj 4.4787 0 Td (has )Tj 2.0095 0 Td (shown )Tj 3.3386 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4614 0 Td (externally )Tj 4.8693 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0599 0 Td (be )Tj -39.0236 -1.3796 Td (beneficial )Tj 4.97 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (firms' )Tj 2.9292 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (performance )Tj 6.3937 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Lazzarotti )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.348 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9984 0 Td (Lin, )Tj 2.085 0 Td (2007)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9985 0 Td (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf -37.5811 -1.3858 Td (et )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0268 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8315 0 Td (necessary )Tj 5.1087 0 Td (condition )Tj 4.611 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (open )Tj 2.6394 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0771 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Chesbrough, )Tj 6.7591 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 0.02 Tc -35.7102 -1.8898 Td (However, )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7921 0 Td (external )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (also )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (involves )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (risks. )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (As )Tj 1.537 0 Td (valuable )Tj 4.2457 0 Td (core )Tj 2.4 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.1874 -1.3858 Td (plays )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (a )Tj 0.989 0 Td (critical )Tj 3.5023 0 Td (role )Tj 2.1544 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (creating )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1984 0 Td (sustaining )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8582 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.9229 0 Td (competitive )Tj 5.7952 0 Td (advantage, )Tj 5.663 0 Td (this )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 48.0188 506.608 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Paavo )Tj 2.9764 0 Td (Ritala )Tj 2.7071 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (based )Tj 3.0402 0 Td (at )Tj -9.6591 -1.3748 Td (Lappee)Tj 3.4228 0 Td (nranta )Tj 3.0331 0 Td (University )Tj 4.5851 0 Td (of )Tj -11.041 -1.3748 Td (Technol)Tj 3.5149 0 Td (ogy, )Tj 2.1615 0 Td (Lappeenrant)Tj 5.6906 0 Td (a, )Tj -11.367 -1.3748 Td (Finland)Tj 3.2456 0 Td (. )Tj 0.5032 0 Td (Kenneth )Tj 3.9189 0 Td (Husted )Tj 3.4229 0 Td (is )Tj -11.0906 -1.3748 Td (based )Tj 3.0401 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5945 0 Td (Departmen)Tj 4.9749 0 Td (t )Tj 0.5031 0 Td (of )Tj -11.1685 -1.3748 Td (Manag)Tj 3.0897 0 Td (ement )Tj 2.9835 0 Td (and )Tj -6.0732 -1.3748 Td (Interna)Tj 3.0897 0 Td (tional )Tj 2.5867 0 Td (Business, )Tj -5.6764 -1.3748 Td (Univers)Tj 3.359 0 Td (ity )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0489 0 Td (Auckland )Tj -5.6268 -1.3819 Td (Business )Tj 4.2449 0 Td (School, )Tj -4.2449 -1.3749 Td (Aucklan)Tj 3.5787 0 Td (d, )Tj 1.1126 0 Td (New )Tj 2.204 0 Td (Zealand. )Tj -6.8953 -1.3748 Td (Heidi )Tj 2.5299 0 Td (Olander )Tj 3.8126 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9425 0 Td (based )Tj 3.0402 0 Td (at )Tj -10.3252 -1.3748 Td (the )Tj 1.6015 0 Td (School )Tj 3.2457 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.245 0 Td (and )Tj -10.1481 -1.3748 Td (Manag)Tj 3.0897 0 Td (ement, )Tj -3.0897 -1.3748 Td (Lappee)Tj 3.4228 0 Td (nranta )Tj 3.0331 0 Td (University )Tj 4.5851 0 Td (of )Tj -11.041 -1.3748 Td (Technol)Tj 3.5149 0 Td (ogy, )Tj 2.1615 0 Td (Lappeenrant)Tj 5.6906 0 Td (a, )Tj -11.367 -1.3748 Td (Finland)Tj 3.2456 0 Td (. )Tj 0.5032 0 Td (Snejina )Tj 3.4725 0 Td (Michai)Tj 2.9126 0 Td (lova )Tj -10.1339 -1.3749 Td (is )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (based )Tj 3.0402 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (Departm)Tj 3.8693 0 Td (ent )Tj -10.5024 -1.3748 Td (of )Tj 1.0488 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4717 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (and )Tj -7.1221 -1.3748 Td (Interna)Tj 3.0897 0 Td (tional )Tj 2.5867 0 Td (Business, )Tj -5.6764 -1.3748 Td (Univers)Tj 3.359 0 Td (ity )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0489 0 Td (Auckland )Tj -5.6268 -1.3748 Td (Business )Tj 4.2449 0 Td (School, )Tj -4.2449 -1.3748 Td (Aucklan)Tj 3.5787 0 Td (d, )Tj 1.1126 0 Td (New )Tj 2.204 0 Td (Zealand. )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.9998 0 0 6.9998 48.0188 162.709 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Received )Tj 4.4302 0 Td (3 )Tj 0.7775 0 Td (May )Tj 2.1058 0 Td (2017 )Tj -7.3135 -1.1419 Td (Revised )Tj 3.8308 0 Td (12 )Tj 1.3202 0 Td (October )Tj 3.8957 0 Td (2017 )Tj -9.0467 -1.1501 Td (12 )Tj 1.3282 0 Td (December )Tj 4.9405 0 Td (2017 )Tj -6.2687 -1.142 Td (Accepted )Tj 4.6084 0 Td (15 )Tj 1.3282 0 Td (December )Tj 4.9324 0 Td (2017 )Tj -10.869 -2.1382 Td (The )Tj 1.8789 0 Td (authors )Tj 3.5475 0 Td (would )Tj 2.8833 0 Td (like )Tj 1.7089 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0529 0 Td (thank )Tj -11.0715 -1.1419 Td (the )Tj 1.6036 0 Td (Tekes )Tj 2.8833 0 Td (\(Finnish )Tj 3.7013 0 Td (Funding )Tj -8.1882 -1.142 Td (Agency )Tj 3.6608 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3849 0 Td (Innovation\) )Tj 5.1592 0 Td (for )Tj -10.2049 -1.1501 Td (financial )Tj 3.9199 0 Td (support )Tj 3.677 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8871 0 Td (made )Tj -9.484 -1.142 Td (conducting )Tj 5.2644 0 Td (this )Tj 1.7818 0 Td (research )Tj -7.0462 -1.1419 Td (possible. )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 48.0188 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5031 0 Td (""04 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 77.6125 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 83.3952 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8, )Tj 2.2764 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (""04-""23, )Tj /F7 1 Tf 4.6051 0 Td ()Tj /F5 1 Tf 1.0205 0 Td (Emerald )Tj 3.2707 0 Td (Publishing )Tj 4.0033 0 Td (Limited, )Tj 3.0875 0 Td (ISSN )Tj 2.1456 0 Td ("367-3270 )Tj 12.1059 0 Td (DOI )Tj 0 0 1 rg 1.6745 0 Td ("0.""08/JKM-05-20"7-)Tj 8.3992 0 Td (0"72 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 3 0 obj 17640 endobj 38 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 0.02 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (needs )Tj 3.1811 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (protected )Tj 4.8126 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hernandez )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.7638 0 Td (et )Tj 1.178 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8976 0 Td (Katila )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9102 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2441 0 Td (Indeed, )Tj -36.6551 -1.3606 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8488 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (exposing )Tj 4.6488 0 Td (too )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (much )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2599 0 Td (such )Tj 2.6204 0 Td (valuable )Tj 4.3087 0 Td (core )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4362 0 Td (can )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (have )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (negative )Tj -36.2582 -1.3543 Td (effects )Tj 3.3952 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4048 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7007 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7654 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.989 0 Td (performance )Tj 6.1795 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Baughn )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.2205 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (1997)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8473 0 Td (Dahlander )Tj 5.0834 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0347 0 Td (Gann, )Tj -37.4236 -1.3543 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9165 0 Td (Hannah, )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (2005)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.2692 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.8347 0 Td (overall )Tj 3.389 0 Td (performance )Tj 6.2488 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.1354 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7385 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 2.967 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (the )Tj -38.7968 -1.3544 Td (firm's )Tj 2.8157 0 Td (competitive )Tj 5.6882 0 Td (advantage )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (future )Tj 2.9858 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Norman, )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (2002)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2567 0 Td (Hence, )Tj 3.6347 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5826 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (conscious )Tj -35.5338 -1.3606 Td (of )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (the )Tj 1.852 0 Td (need )Tj 2.7527 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2788 0 Td (deter )Tj 2.8409 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (spillovers )Tj 4.8126 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (imitation )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Ethiraj )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.6724 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2788 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 3.0488 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7464 -1.3543 Td (careful )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (determining )Tj 5.8142 0 Td (what )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (type )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1528 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3228 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0331 0 Td (valuable )Tj 4.5984 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (how )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (is )Tj -39.4834 -1.3544 Td (shared )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Connell )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.1134 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj 2.8472 0 Td (p. )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (140\). )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (At )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (same )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (time, )Tj 2.5259 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8 0 Td (has )Tj 1.9213 0 Td (been )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (found )Tj 2.9102 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (revealing )Tj -35.9685 -1.3543 Td (some )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (amount )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3669 0 Td (\(deliberately )Tj 6.1165 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2473 0 Td (accidentally\) )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.1952 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0347 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (beneficial )Tj -35.7354 -1.3606 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1496 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8473 0 Td (Alnuaimi )Tj 4.2267 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0347 0 Td (George, )Tj 4.063 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8472 0 Td (Henkel, )Tj 3.7669 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2 0 Td (Leaks )Tj 3.0111 0 Td (may )Tj 2.2047 0 Td (turn )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (out )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (be )Tj -39.0362 -1.3544 Td (advantageous )Tj 7.1937 0 Td (if )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (they, )Tj 2.8473 0 Td (for )Tj 1.8141 0 Td (example, )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (help )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (spreading )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (information )Tj 5.7323 0 Td (that )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (leads )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4615 0 Td (new )Tj -38.3622 -1.3543 Td (business )Tj 4.4724 0 Td (opportunities )Tj 6.4063 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (enhances )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (buzz )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (around )Tj 3.6031 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9008 0 Td (product )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (technology )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf -37.3543 -1.3543 Td (et )Tj 1.2976 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.37 0 Td (Outgoing )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (spillovers )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (also )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (enable )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (formation )Tj 4.7559 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2976 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (recombined )Tj 5.9968 0 Td (pool )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (of )Tj -39.37 -1.3606 Td (complementary )Tj 7.748 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6126 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (capabilities )Tj 5.8898 0 Td (between )Tj 4.5228 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Yang )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.326 0 Td (et )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.9717 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj -37.2976 -1.3544 Td (which )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (feeds )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (important )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (back )Tj 2.6961 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (originator )Tj 4.8 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (can )Tj 2.1103 0 Td (enhance )Tj 4.3968 0 Td (innovative )Tj -35.5653 -1.3543 Td (efforts )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (performance. )Tj -5.1968 -1.8898 Td (Considering )Tj 5.9149 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.2709 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (risks, )Tj 2.7276 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (role )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1465 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3228 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (collaborative )Tj -34.2866 -1.3543 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1905 0 Td (presents )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0394 0 Td (daunting )Tj 4.5606 0 Td (paradox )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (managers )Tj 5.1086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3418 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2111 0 Td (engage )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (such )Tj -38.0031 -1.3543 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.274 0 Td (relationships. )Tj 6.526 0 Td (As )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (pointed )Tj 3.8488 0 Td (out )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (by )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 1.474 0 Td (An )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.5811 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (\(2014\))Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj 3.6158 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.274 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.5149 -1.3607 Td (is )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (very )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (much )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.348 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (both )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7481 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (protection )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (of )Tj 1.159 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3418 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (organizations. )Tj -33.707 -1.3543 Td (Achieving )Tj 4.907 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8693 0 Td (balance )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0788 0 Td (withholding )Tj 5.6126 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (vital )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Stenius )Tj /F3 1 Tf -36.4787 -1.3543 Td (et )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (incentives )Tj 5.0079 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (innovate )Tj 4.252 0 Td (have )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (been )Tj 2.6834 0 Td (noted )Tj 2.9796 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2094 0 Td (stem )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9071 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (ability )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (to )Tj -39.37 -1.3544 Td (protect )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (value )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (assets )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (degree )Tj 3.6094 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (which )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8126 0 Td (appropriates )Tj 6.2174 0 Td (future )Tj -37.5685 -1.3606 Td (rent )Tj 2.4503 0 Td (streams )Tj 4.3402 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Liebeskind, )Tj 6.3811 0 Td (1996)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.5969 0 Td (In )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (particular, )Tj 5.3606 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.7008 0 Td (that )Tj 2.4 0 Td (relates )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.0582 -1.3543 Td (innovations )Tj 5.5496 0 Td (loses )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (value )Tj 2.778 0 Td (if )Tj 0.8441 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8441 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (exposed )Tj 4.3275 0 Td (too )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4677 0 Td (et )Tj 1.178 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7133 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (At )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (same )Tj 2.822 0 Td (time, )Tj -37.9779 -1.3543 Td (striking )Tj 3.811 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0078 0 Td (balance )Tj 4.1638 0 Td (between )Tj 4.3906 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8834 0 Td (disclosing )Tj 5.1717 0 Td (and )Tj 2.211 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4866 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (difficult )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.8299 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.02 Tc 0.9386 0 Td (firms )Tj -37.9779 -1.3544 Td (often )Tj 2.6645 0 Td (find )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (themselves )Tj 5.5811 0 Td (being )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (either )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (over-protective )Tj 7.3512 0 Td (by )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.811 0 Td (too )Tj 1.789 0 Td (little )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3985 0 Td (with )Tj -38.3937 -1.3543 Td (partners, )Tj 4.5228 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (under-protective )Tj 8.0378 0 Td (by )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8048 0 Td (too )Tj 1.7889 0 Td (much )Tj 2.9166 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (risking )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (leakage )Tj -36.5606 -1.3606 Td (of )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (core )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (others )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.2111 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9921 0 Td (Husted )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1796 0 Td (Michailova, )Tj 5.6503 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -37.6503 -1.3544 Td (Norman, )Tj 4.5669 0 Td (2002)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.5527 0 Td (This )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (leads )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (tension )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (between )Tj 4.567 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (benefits )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.759 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4804 0 Td (sharing )Tj -36.7811 -1.3543 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6629 0 Td (externally )Tj 5.0709 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0599 0 Td (pursuit )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Heiman )Tj 4.5103 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (Nickerson, )Tj 5.5685 0 Td (2004)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.2976 -1.3543 Td (Conceptualizing )Tj 7.9937 0 Td (this )Tj 2.085 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (paradox )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (openness, )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 5.6945 0 Td (Laursen )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (Salter )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (\(2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj 3.3953 0 Td (870\) )Tj -38.1732 -1.3607 Td (state )Tj 2.6204 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (openness )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (some )Tj 2.8725 0 Td (sort )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2284 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 7.0803 0 Td (strategy )Tj 4.126 0 Td (go )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (hand )Tj 2.7023 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (hand: )Tj 3.0047 0 Td (firms )Tj -37.9779 -1.3543 Td (need )Tj 2.6456 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1717 0 Td (disclose )Tj 4.1575 0 Td (some )Tj 2.8157 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.348 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (gain )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (external )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (partners, )Tj 4.4787 0 Td (but )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (they )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (need )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (also )Tj -38.337 -1.3543 Td (protect )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (parts )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (their )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.474 0 Td (if )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (they )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (are )Tj 1.9149 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (gain )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (value )Tj 2.8976 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4945 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (exchange. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 5.7133 0 Td (Arora )Tj /F3 1 Tf -37.707 -1.3544 Td (et )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (\(2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (p. )Tj 1.4426 0 Td (1352\) )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (further )Tj 3.5275 0 Td (referred )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (this )Tj 2.1418 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (tension )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (between )Tj 4.4662 0 Td (organizational )Tj -33.3102 -1.3606 Td (openness )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (spillover )Tj 4.5418 0 Td (prevention. )Tj -0.0055 Tc -11.7543 -1.8834 Td (How )Tj 2.4755 0 Td (does )Tj 2.6961 0 Td (then )Tj 2.4189 0 Td (one )Tj 2.1354 0 Td (solve )Tj 2.7969 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (paradox )Tj 4.5606 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (openness )Tj 5.2095 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.8378 0 Td (core, )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (business-critical )Tj -33.0645 -1.3607 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.0662 0 Td (innovation? )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 5.411 0 Td (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.2032 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (\(2008\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 3.2882 0 Td (argue )Tj 3.0173 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5826 0 Td (should )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (focus )Tj 2.8536 0 Td (on )Tj -39.1244 -1.3543 Td (carefully )Tj 4.1259 0 Td (identifying )Tj 4.9512 0 Td (what )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2346 0 Td (to )Tj 1.241 0 Td (share )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (whom, )Tj 3.326 0 Td (especially )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (when )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (there )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7968 -1.3543 Td (risks )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3181 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.178 0 Td (leakage. )Tj 4.1323 0 Td (Further, )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.7417 0 Td (Henkel )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (\(2006\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 3.1937 0 Td (and )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.0535 0 Td (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7654 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.3921 0 Td (\(2013\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 3.1937 0 Td (advocate )Tj -36.107 -1.3544 Td (for )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (selectively )Tj 4.9385 0 Td (revealing )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (some )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (parts )Tj 2.6142 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7086 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.178 0 Td (base. )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (argue )Tj 2.9354 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9071 0 Td (key )Tj 1.896 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3606 Td (understanding )Tj 7.0425 0 Td (some )Tj 3.0425 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (downsides )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.3984 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1.1338 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3308 0 Td (how )Tj 2.4314 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (avoid )Tj 3.0362 0 Td (them )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.8283 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1.1276 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (analyzing )Tj -36.0062 -1.3543 Td (the )Tj 1.7385 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (process )Tj 3.937 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (individual-level )Tj 6.9166 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1905 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6599 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (partners. )Tj -36.2645 -1.3544 Td (Some )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (valuable, )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.7354 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.411 0 Td (will )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (be )Tj 1.7449 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.6535 0 Td (eventually, )Tj 5.2851 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (when )Tj 2.9417 0 Td (this )Tj -38.6897 -1.3543 Td (happens, )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (process )Tj 4.1008 0 Td (should )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (involve )Tj 3.5905 0 Td (careful )Tj 3.5339 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (about )Tj 3.0551 0 Td (who )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (should )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (receive )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (this )Tj -38.6897 -1.3606 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2346 0 Td (within )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (most )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (delicate )Tj 3.9055 0 Td (situations )Tj 4.5669 0 Td (arise )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (when )Tj 2.7654 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7826 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (firm )Tj -38.57 -1.3544 Td (possesses )Tj 5.0078 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.115 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9338 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8835 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.063 0 Td (to )Tj 1.115 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.6409 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8378 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (departure )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (from )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (current )Tj -37.1023 -1.3543 Td (knowledge, )Tj 5.4677 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (when )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9023 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1969 0 Td (unintentionally )Tj 6.6393 0 Td (spills )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (over, )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8567 0 Td (might )Tj 2.8472 0 Td (lose )Tj 2.1733 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (value )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf -39.1307 -1.3543 Td (et )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -2.633 -1.8898 Td (In )Tj 1.159 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (attempt )Tj 3.6976 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (explain )Tj 3.5086 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (issue, )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6 0 Td (address )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (an )Tj 1.43 0 Td (important )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (research )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (gap. )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (As )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (discussed )Tj -35.6661 -1.3543 Td (so )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (far, )Tj 1.7449 0 Td (a )Tj 0.863 0 Td (cumulating )Tj 5.1905 0 Td (body )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (research )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (supports )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (there )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (challenges )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td (""05 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 37 0 obj 18662 endobj 77 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.6866 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1843 0 Td (sharing; )Tj 3.9181 0 Td (however, )Tj 4.3528 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7322 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (evidence )Tj 4.4094 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7259 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3669 Td (relatively )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (limited. )Tj 3.6536 0 Td (This )Tj 2.274 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (quite )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (surprising, )Tj 5.1338 0 Td (given )Tj 2.8851 0 Td (the )Tj 1.852 0 Td (relevance )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj -36.3338 -1.3606 Td (collaboration, )Tj 6.9039 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.7764 0 Td (sharing )Tj 4.233 0 Td (and )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (innovation. )Tj 0.02 Tc 5.7008 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 5.6945 0 Td (inquiring )Tj 5.0079 0 Td (into )Tj 2.633 0 Td (this )Tj -38.6078 -1.3606 Td (phenomenon )Tj 6.7527 0 Td (is )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (relevant )Tj 4.3906 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (both )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (scholarly )Tj 4.8504 0 Td (and )Tj 2.463 0 Td (practical )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (terms. )Tj 3.5969 0 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 6.6331 0 Td (as )Tj -39.1496 -1.367 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4677 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.874 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9827 0 Td (personal-level )Tj 6.9417 0 Td (phenomenon )Tj 6.4756 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (van )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (Dijk )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1544 0 Td (et )Tj 1.285 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (there )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7464 -1.3606 Td (increasing )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (calls )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (further )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (research )Tj 4.5166 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (focuses )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7779 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (individuals )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (who )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (share )Tj -37.6503 -1.3606 Td (\(and )Tj 2.6267 0 Td (receive\) )Tj 4.2394 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5496 0 Td (rather )Tj 3.2126 0 Td (than )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (on )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (aggregating )Tj 6.211 0 Td (this )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.5229 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (organizations )Tj -34.0031 -1.3607 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Foss )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.0929 0 Td (et )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.1496 0 Td (Ghosn )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (and )Tj 2.337 0 Td (Rosenkopf, )Tj 5.8079 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.1496 0 Td (Salter )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2315 0 Td (et )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.9717 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.5023 0 Td (The )Tj 2.274 0 Td (current )Tj -36.9448 -1.3669 Td (literature )Tj 4.3905 0 Td (also )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (reveals )Tj 3.6662 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8882 0 Td (noticeable )Tj 5.1653 0 Td (gap )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (understanding )Tj 7.0677 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3733 0 Td (sharing )Tj -36.7811 -1.3606 Td (activities )Tj 4.4598 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (provider )Tj 4.6741 0 Td (side )Tj 2.3559 0 Td (firms )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.3433 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1733 0 Td (open )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.115 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Tranekjer )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (and )Tj -38.4629 -1.3606 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.9574 0 Td (2012)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.4709 0 Td (Finally, )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (while )Tj 2.8914 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.6725 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4047 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.2599 0 Td (have )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (been )Tj 2.8788 0 Td (studied )Tj -36.7685 -1.367 Td (extensively, )Tj 5.833 0 Td (less )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (attention )Tj 4.3843 0 Td (has )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (been )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (paid )Tj 2.463 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (origins )Tj 3.5149 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2599 0 Td (such )Tj 2.6204 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.115 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Delgado- )Tj -35.5779 -1.3606 Td (Verde )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.011 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.841 0 Td (Schoenmakers )Tj 7.1307 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (Duysters, )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -0.0055 Tc -22.4377 -1.8898 Td (To )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (address )Tj 3.874 0 Td (these )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (issues, )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (pose )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (following )Tj 4.1259 0 Td (research )Tj 4.126 0 Td (question: )Tj /F3 1 Tf -23.6724 -3.7984 Td (RQ.)Tj 2.3748 0 Td (How )Tj 2.4189 0 Td (does )Tj 2.6394 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9889 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7969 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7291 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2662 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.5968 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1922 0 Td (external )Tj 3.937 0 Td (partners )Tj -32.8315 -1.2535 Td (affect )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (its )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6677 0 Td (performance? )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.02 Tc -15.4267 -1.9717 Td (Employees )Tj 5.4488 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1464 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.4063 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (could )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (unintentionally )Tj 6.9858 0 Td (spread )Tj 3.6221 0 Td (partnership-specific )Tj -30.9228 -1.3606 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4299 0 Td (too )Tj 1.8204 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (if )Tj 0.9134 0 Td (there )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (no )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (system )Tj 3.6662 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6 0 Td (handling )Tj 4.4094 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (received )Tj 4.4095 0 Td (knowledge. )Tj 5.7322 0 Td (The )Tj -38.5259 -1.3607 Td (question )Tj 4.2519 0 Td (is, )Tj 1.3355 0 Td (therefore, )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (so )Tj 1.367 0 Td (much )Tj 2.8472 0 Td (whether )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.3229 0 Td (share )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1229 0 Td (their )Tj -38.2047 -1.3669 Td (external )Tj 4.2519 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.4221 0 Td (but )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (whether )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (they )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (know )Tj 2.948 0 Td (how )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (distinguish )Tj 5.5874 0 Td (between )Tj 4.5103 0 Td (desired )Tj 4.0755 0 Td (and )Tj -38.4629 -1.3606 Td (undesired )Tj 5.0204 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.411 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8174 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (make )Tj 2.8725 0 Td (appropriate )Tj 5.7953 0 Td (decisions )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.9133 0 Td (what )Tj 2.5449 0 Td (to )Tj -39.37 -1.3606 Td (share )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (and )Tj 2.148 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (whom. )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (To )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (answer )Tj 3.6977 0 Td (this )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (question, )Tj 4.6488 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (develop )Tj 4.1071 0 Td (hypotheses )Tj 5.726 0 Td (suggesting )Tj 5.5622 0 Td (a )Tj -39.6661 -1.3607 Td (mediating )Tj 5.1086 0 Td (model )Tj 3.3701 0 Td (where )Tj 3.3008 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (\(vs )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (selective\) )Tj 4.9574 0 Td (openness )Tj 5.0268 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.956 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.1874 -1.3669 Td (externally )Tj 5.0078 0 Td (leads )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4237 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6063 0 Td (leakage, )Tj 4.5291 0 Td (which, )Tj 3.5465 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (turn, )Tj 2.652 0 Td (hinders )Tj 4.0063 0 Td (a )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.7385 -1.3606 Td (radical )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.7654 0 Td (We )Tj 2.022 0 Td (test )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (hypotheses )Tj 5.8961 0 Td (with )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (partial )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (least )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (squares )Tj -36.4976 -1.3607 Td (\(PLS\))Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.02 Tc (structural )Tj 8.1448 0 Td (equation )Tj 4.7748 0 Td (modeling )Tj 5.0583 0 Td (\(SEM\), )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (utilizing )Tj 4.3024 0 Td (data )Tj 2.822 0 Td (from )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (a )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (of )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (150 )Tj -38.5259 -1.3606 Td (technology-intensive )Tj 10.1858 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (Finland. )Tj 4.3024 0 Td (Our )Tj 2.337 0 Td (results )Tj 3.685 0 Td (show )Tj 3.0048 0 Td (that )Tj 2.3559 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.3748 0 Td (external )Tj -36.5417 -1.3669 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.7259 0 Td (sharing )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (leads )Tj 3.2126 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5559 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.726 0 Td (leaking )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5496 0 Td (lower )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.0582 -1.3606 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1527 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.6583 0 Td (We )Tj 1.9023 0 Td (do )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (find )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (same )Tj 2.948 0 Td (results )Tj 3.5024 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.8393 0 Td (innovation, )Tj -35.2125 -1.3607 Td (implying )Tj 4.5228 0 Td (that )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.3685 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6441 0 Td (leakage )Tj 4.2772 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (especially )Tj 5.2787 0 Td (detrimental )Tj 5.8016 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4677 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.0582 -1.3669 Td (innovation. )Tj 0 -1.8835 Td (These )Tj 3.137 0 Td (results )Tj 3.4078 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.8552 0 Td (novel )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (insights )Tj 3.9244 0 Td (into )Tj 2.0158 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (dynamics )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj 4.4661 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3859 0 Td (sharing )Tj -36.7811 -1.3669 Td (and )Tj 2.211 0 Td (leaking, )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.211 0 Td (resulting )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.6898 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.6645 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2111 0 Td (thus )Tj 2.4 0 Td (contribute )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (to )Tj -39.37 -1.3606 Td (scholarly )Tj 4.422 0 Td (debates )Tj 4.063 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (the )Tj 1.707 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (management )Tj 6.3307 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9953 0 Td (space. )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (First, )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7574 0 Td (study )Tj -37.6944 -1.3607 Td (contributes )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.3842 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0393 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 7.0426 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.5149 -1.3669 Td (context. )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (Specifically, )Tj 5.9149 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (analysis )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (examines )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (boundaries )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (of )Tj 1.159 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (openness )Tj -35.7102 -1.3606 Td (in )Tj 1.0645 0 Td (showing )Tj 4.1008 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.7811 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0645 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3103 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7165 0 Td (might )Tj 2.8535 0 Td (have )Tj 2.4882 0 Td (different )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (types )Tj 2.8032 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (outcomes, )Tj -35.4078 -1.3607 Td (depending )Tj 5.4362 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (type )Tj 2.4 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (\(i.e. )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.7827 0 Td (vs )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (radical\). )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (Second, )Tj 4.233 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (results )Tj -37.1653 -1.3606 Td (contribute )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (growing )Tj 4.378 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (on )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (inter-organizational )Tj 9.5496 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6819 0 Td (sharing )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (by )Tj -39.0866 -1.3669 Td (examining )Tj 5.0834 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (relationship )Tj 5.6945 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.367 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.367 0 Td (leakage. )Tj 4.2897 0 Td (While )Tj -37.7133 -1.3606 Td (the )Tj 1.7952 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4048 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.811 0 Td (has )Tj 2.0157 0 Td (been )Tj 2.7024 0 Td (discussed )Tj 5.1275 0 Td (extensively )Tj 5.4993 0 Td (in )Tj 1.159 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.422 0 Td (\(for )Tj 1.9339 0 Td (a )Tj -39.6724 -1.3607 Td (review, )Tj 3.6913 0 Td (see )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.0598 0 Td (Foss )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5827 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.3386 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (relationship )Tj 5.7827 0 Td (between )Tj 4.3527 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1733 0 Td (leaking )Tj 3.748 0 Td (is )Tj 1.159 0 Td (much )Tj -37.6755 -1.3606 Td (less )Tj 2.148 0 Td (clear. )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (Third, )Tj 2.9669 0 Td (bearing )Tj 3.8741 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (mind )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (most )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (prior )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (studies )Tj 3.6536 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (topic )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7953 0 Td (conducted )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (at )Tj -39.37 -1.3669 Td (network/alliance )Tj 7.8992 0 Td (level )Tj 2.5322 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Dyer )Tj 2.9355 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (Nobeoka, )Tj 4.8756 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9858 0 Td (Kale )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.463 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2662 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8078 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9859 0 Td (Norman, )Tj 4.359 0 Td (2002)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 3.0362 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3196 -1.3607 Td (firm )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (level )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hoetker )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (Agarwal, )Tj 4.3465 0 Td (2007)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8409 0 Td (Laursen )Tj 3.9811 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.2252 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.1874 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (adopt )Tj 2.9669 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8189 0 Td (more )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (fine- )Tj -38.2047 -1.3606 Td (grained )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (approach )Tj 4.8944 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1922 0 Td (conduct )Tj 4.2078 0 Td (our )Tj 1.915 0 Td (investigation )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (at )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8582 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.8756 0 Td (level )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.5575 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.02 Tc 0.9134 0 Td (an )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3637 -1.3669 Td (which )Tj 3.1055 0 Td (we )Tj 1.7259 0 Td (return )Tj 3.1371 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (presentation )Tj 6.1921 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (our )Tj 1.915 0 Td (methodology. )Tj 6.7527 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (doing )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (so, )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (we )Tj 1.726 0 Td (respond )Tj 4.2708 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3637 -1.3606 Td (recent )Tj 3.2 0 Td (calls )Tj 2.4 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (gaining )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (more )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (how )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (choices )Tj 3.874 0 Td (about )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (appropriability )Tj -33.5055 -1.3607 Td (and )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7166 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (shape )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8315 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (performance )Tj 6.1859 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.0724 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6692 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -37.6503 -1.3606 Td (Hannah )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (Robertson, )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8347 0 Td (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.8598 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.663 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 48.0188 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5031 0 Td (""06 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 77.6125 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 83.3952 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 76 0 obj 15987 endobj 100 0 obj <> stream q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 719.887 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (%# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td (&\n \r )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (\r )Tj 1.8879 0 Td ('  )Tj /F9 1 Tf -8.4982 -1.627 Td (2.1 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Appropr)Tj 3.5603 0 Td (iability )Tj 2.9707 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0545 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.1465 0 Td (innov)Tj 2.347 0 Td (ation, )Tj 2.6589 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9663 0 Td (shar)Tj 1.9502 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.542 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8766 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9662 0 Td (leakage )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 686.608 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Appropriating )Tj 6.4314 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6898 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3181 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8189 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (key )Tj 1.8771 0 Td (motivation )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (behind )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (an )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8126 0 Td (activity. )Tj 3.6788 0 Td (As )Tj -39.0614 -1.3921 Td (innovations )Tj 5.3669 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (valuable )Tj 4.107 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.3118 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2221 0 Td (knowledge, )Tj 5.4929 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (ownership )Tj 4.9386 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (control )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (rights )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3858 Td (such )Tj 2.5322 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2284 0 Td (determine )Tj 4.8378 0 Td (how )Tj 2.211 0 Td (much )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (innovating )Tj 4.9386 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (able )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (benefit )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (such )Tj -38.085 -1.3921 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Teece, )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (1986)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (Radical )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.4614 0 Td (are )Tj 1.915 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.4 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3103 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7968 -1.3859 Td (particularly )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (novel )Tj 2.7779 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1292 0 Td (disconnected )Tj 6.4567 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4063 0 Td (current )Tj 3.5464 0 Td (technologies, )Tj 6.337 0 Td (processes )Tj 5.0331 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1354 0 Td (practices )Tj -36.1133 -1.3921 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Abernathy )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (Clark, )Tj 3.0299 0 Td (1985)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2441 0 Td (It )Tj 1.0142 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1717 0 Td (much )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7087 0 Td (difficult )Tj 3.6283 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (rare )Tj 2.2111 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (come )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (across )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.2157 -1.3858 Td (innovations )Tj 5.2346 0 Td (than )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3984 0 Td (innovations, )Tj 5.5056 0 Td (but )Tj 1.6944 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (former )Tj 3.1182 0 Td (nevertheless )Tj 5.8393 0 Td (have )Tj 2.4 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8126 0 Td (stronger )Tj 3.937 0 Td (effect )Tj -37.7511 -1.3921 Td (on )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9134 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (long-term )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (success )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0662 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (development )Tj 6.1165 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (markets )Tj 3.874 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (industries )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Brown, )Tj -36.8188 -1.3859 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.3952 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 5.0835 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.6094 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (both )Tj 2.5827 0 Td (high-risk )Tj 4.3717 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3055 0 Td (high-return, )Tj 5.6945 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3055 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.3921 Td (appropriability )Tj 6.6015 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9512 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8 0 Td (critical )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (condition )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0079 0 Td (this )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (context. )Tj -18.5574 -1.8835 Td (To )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (understand )Tj 5.3984 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 6.7086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (innovation, )Tj 5.1023 0 Td (focusing )Tj 4.1323 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (role )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3921 Td (and )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (its )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (across )Tj 3.3953 0 Td (organizational )Tj 6.6142 0 Td (borders )Tj 3.8992 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1528 0 Td (fundamental. )Tj 6.1984 0 Td (We )Tj 1.8645 0 Td (highlight )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (external )Tj -36.7181 -1.3858 Td (relationships )Tj 5.833 0 Td (have )Tj 2.4 0 Td (been )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (found )Tj 2.7906 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (have )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (highest )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (impact )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Delgado-Verde )Tj /F3 1 Tf -33.1401 -1.3921 Td (et )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1622 0 Td (Also, )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (radicalness )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (is )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0835 0 Td (per )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.8519 0 Td (s)Tj /F3 1 Tf (e )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.4173 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9197 0 Td (departure )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3497 0 Td (existing )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1968 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Abernathy )Tj -35.3385 -1.3859 Td (and )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (Clark, )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (1985)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.0867 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (thus, )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (new )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1213 0 Td (embedded )Tj 5.1968 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (should )Tj -37.2598 -1.3921 Td (be )Tj 1.6125 0 Td (disconnected )Tj 6.4819 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (existing )Tj 3.8488 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2788 0 Td (space. )Tj 3.4771 0 Td (If )Tj 1.0079 0 Td (such )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (disconnection )Tj 6.633 0 Td (does )Tj 2.652 0 Td (not )Tj -38.8472 -1.3858 Td (occur, )Tj 3.2125 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (value )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (embedded )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7953 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8945 0 Td (will )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (rather )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4519 -1.3921 Td (nature. )Tj 3.3511 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.6961 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7559 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9276 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (perceived )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8315 0 Td (function )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1087 0 Td (securing )Tj -36.3905 -1.3859 Td (the )Tj 1.8582 0 Td (core )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (parts )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4897 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3103 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.3937 0 Td (within )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (the )Tj 1.852 0 Td (boundaries )Tj 5.474 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0394 0 Td (focal )Tj -38.0913 -1.3921 Td (innovator, )Tj 4.5921 0 Td (at )Tj 1.096 0 Td (least )Tj 2.3496 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (point )Tj 2.463 0 Td (where )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (can )Tj 1.915 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (commercialized. )Tj 7.5465 0 Td (The )Tj 1.9149 0 Td (further )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3858 Td (the )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (firm-specific )Tj 5.9464 0 Td (core )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3606 0 Td (is )Tj 1.241 0 Td (dispersed, )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (it )Tj 1.0268 0 Td (diminishes )Tj 5.2347 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (value )Tj -37.8708 -1.3921 Td (embedded )Tj 5.2031 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (radicalness )Tj 6.1417 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (innovation. )Tj 5.052 0 Td (Indeed, )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (loses )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (its )Tj 1.285 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (if )Tj -39.7228 -1.3859 Td (it )Tj 0.737 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9574 0 Td (exposed )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (too )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.0362 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3355 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -14.4125 -1.8897 Td (In )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8567 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.9339 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (context, )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (problem )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7811 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 6.6646 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (especially )Tj -35.7984 -1.3922 Td (challenging, )Tj 5.9338 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (recent )Tj 3.3071 0 Td (studies )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (have )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (highlighted )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Laursen )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9795 0 Td (Ritala )Tj 2.9795 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3858 Td (Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, )Tj 11.0992 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (Despite )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0347 0 Td (apparent )Tj 4.6677 0 Td (risks, )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (research )Tj 4.5417 0 Td (has )Tj 2.2489 0 Td (shown )Tj 3.5086 0 Td (that )Tj -38.57 -1.3921 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.0031 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8567 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (useful )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.0047 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 0.8819 0 Td (if )Tj 0.8756 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7511 0 Td (crucial )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.3197 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 0.8819 0 Td (for )Tj 1.537 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3827 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8567 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Belderbos )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.2598 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj -38.9039 -1.3858 Td (2004)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (In )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (fact, )Tj 2.274 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (often )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9071 0 Td (result )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.0976 0 Td (with )Tj 2.104 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (partners )Tj -36.5417 -1.3922 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (West )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (Bogers, )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (Reciprocal )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3984 0 Td (flows )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (among )Tj 3.6535 0 Td (different )Tj 4.1953 0 Td (actors )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3858 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.2173 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0645 0 Td (allow )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (the )Tj 1.959 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4174 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.5008 0 Td (needed )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (for )Tj 1.7448 0 Td (radicalness )Tj 5.6756 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3921 Td (be )Tj 1.5496 0 Td (achieved. )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6787 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1528 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8693 0 Td (has )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (two )Tj 1.9339 0 Td (contrasting )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4929 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3858 Td (potential )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.515 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9827 0 Td (performance )Tj 6.148 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3354 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (On )Tj 1.833 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (one )Tj 2.148 0 Td (hand, )Tj 3.0299 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (more )Tj -37.9653 -1.3922 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3228 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (among )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.2363 0 Td (actors, )Tj 3.5086 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7464 0 Td (potentially )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (valuable )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.2157 -1.3858 Td (combinations )Tj 6.2173 0 Td (may )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (emerge, )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (which )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4677 0 Td (appropriated )Tj 6.0725 0 Td (eventually )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (by )Tj 1.411 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (On )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3921 Td (other )Tj 2.5763 0 Td (hand, )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6834 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (embedded )Tj 5.241 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3385 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.2425 0 Td (diminishes )Tj -35.5149 -1.3858 Td (when )Tj 2.6204 0 Td (more )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0898 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9764 0 Td (dispersed )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0267 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (immediate )Tj 4.8693 0 Td (inter-organizational )Tj 8.674 0 Td (network )Tj 3.7166 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0897 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (firm )Tj -38.57 -1.3859 Td (and )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (beyond )Tj 3.6598 0 Td (it, )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (including )Tj 4.3465 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (competitors. )Tj 5.789 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7385 0 Td (argue )Tj 2.8788 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (two )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (factors )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (especially )Tj -35.7984 -1.3921 Td (relevant )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (explain )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (these )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (problems )Tj 4.422 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0079 0 Td (context: )Tj 0 Tc -16.3212 -2.085 Td (1. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (individual-level )Tj 6.8473 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.4346 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.6047 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (scope )Tj 2.9859 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0519 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7607 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0897 0 Td (sharing; )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (and )Tj -37.6377 -1.9969 Td (2. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (business-critical, )Tj 7.7481 0 Td (core )Tj 2.2047 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0897 0 Td (leaked )Tj 3.2063 0 Td (outside )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (organizational )Tj 6.463 0 Td (boundaries. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 144.567 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.2 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Hypothesized )Tj 6.2476 0 Td (model )Tj 2.931 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8765 0 Td (le)Tj 0.754 0 Td (v)Tj 0.4762 0 Td (el )Tj 0.9921 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0375 0 Td (analysis )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 127.502 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Building )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (underpinnings )Tj 6.6016 0 Td (outlined )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (above, )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (our )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (two )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (starting )Tj 3.5401 0 Td (points )Tj 2.9292 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6692 0 Td (that: )Tj 0 Tc -32.0188 -2.085 Td (1. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (Pursuing )Tj 4.3402 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4393 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.43 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (risky )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (uncertain )Tj 4.5418 0 Td (endeavor )Tj 4.611 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Keizer )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (Halman, )Tj -34.6898 -1.3858 Td (2007)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7339 0 Td (O'Connor )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9591 0 Td (Rice, )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (especially )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6142 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (efforts )Tj 3.0236 0 Td (involve )Tj 3.3323 0 Td (external )Tj -34.8536 -1.3921 Td (partners )Tj 3.937 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Mata )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9338 0 Td (Woerter, )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 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)Tj 5.1905 0 Td (related )Tj 3.4268 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4755 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.3544 0 Td (loses )Tj 2.6456 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3229 0 Td (value )Tj 2.696 0 Td (if )Tj 0.8252 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8252 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (spread )Tj 3.4835 0 Td (too )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf -37.2914 -1.3543 Td (et )Tj 1.052 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5559 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -0.0055 Tc -4.4346 -2.0031 Td (We )Tj 1.833 0 Td (focus )Tj 2.8158 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.611 0 Td (level )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (analysis )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2284 0 Td (consider )Tj 4.2393 0 Td (whether )Tj 3.9056 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2283 0 Td (is )Tj 1.115 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.4771 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3385 -1.3544 Td (leaked, )Tj 3.496 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.4725 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.0898 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6881 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (actual )Tj 2.9418 0 Td (agents )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (making )Tj 3.5023 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (decisions )Tj 4.4725 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.6047 0 Td (what )Tj -38.1354 -1.3543 Td (and )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (whom )Tj 2.9922 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (share )Tj 2.8158 0 Td (both )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1149 0 Td (general )Tj 3.6914 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Van )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (Dijk )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9842 0 Td (et )Tj 1.178 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (well )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3922 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1149 0 Td (collaborative )Tj -34.5889 -1.3543 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7811 0 Td (contexts )Tj 4.0251 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Bogers, )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7654 0 Td (Husted )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (Michailova, )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.093 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7322 0 Td (note )Tj 2.2237 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (while )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (there )Tj -37.9716 -1.3544 Td (are )Tj 1.8078 0 Td (investigations )Tj 6.4063 0 Td (conducted )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (at )Tj 1.2157 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (network )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (levels, )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (individual-level )Tj 6.9354 0 Td (examinations )Tj -34.4251 -1.3543 Td (are )Tj 1.6692 0 Td (lacking, )Tj 3.6914 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (it )Tj 0.737 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (only )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (recently )Tj 3.748 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (focus )Tj 2.6582 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (shifted )Tj 3.2126 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (individuals )Tj 4.9448 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Salter )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.093 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -37.7574 -1.3606 Td (Jarvenpaa )Tj 5.3984 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (Majchrzak, )Tj 5.5622 0 Td (2016)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.5338 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 3.1559 0 Td (our )Tj 2.167 0 Td (analysis )Tj 4.2897 0 Td (is )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (concerned )Tj 5.5056 0 Td (with )Tj 2.4944 0 Td (individual )Tj -36.0125 -1.3543 Td (employees )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (who )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (participate )Tj 5.222 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2788 0 Td (collaborations )Tj 6.6834 0 Td (on )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (behalf )Tj 3.2567 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3418 0 Td (their )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (Organizations )Tj 6.6519 0 Td (can )Tj -38.5763 -1.3544 Td (benefit )Tj 3.4771 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (allowing )Tj 4.0693 0 Td (their )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2851 0 Td (selectively )Tj 5.052 0 Td (share )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.285 0 Td (beyond )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.8645 -1.3543 Td (boundaries )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (because )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (reciprocity )Tj 5.0205 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (communication )Tj 7.1055 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1055 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8346 0 Td (2017)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (While )Tj -37.8204 -1.3543 Td (generally )Tj 4.422 0 Td (beneficial, )Tj 4.9134 0 Td (such )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (reciprocity )Tj 5.0267 0 Td (implies )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5196 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (vulnerable )Tj 4.9701 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (their )Tj 2.293 0 Td (employees' )Tj -35.1811 -1.3544 Td (continuous )Tj 5.0519 0 Td (exercise )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.4157 0 Td (over )Tj 2.167 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (sharing. )Tj -21.7448 -1.8897 Td (From )Tj 2.5637 0 Td (this )Tj 1.852 0 Td (baseline )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (rationale, )Tj 4.359 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5749 0 Td (propose )Tj 4 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8629 0 Td (hypothesized )Tj 6.2426 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (that )Tj 1.959 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (depict )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (in )Tj 0 0 1 rg 1.0772 0 Td (Figure )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (1)Tj 0 0 0 1 k (. )Tj -39.3952 -1.3544 Td (The )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (model )Tj 3.37 0 Td (suggests )Tj 4.6993 0 Td (that )Tj 2.274 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.0914 0 Td (\(as )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (opposed )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (controlled, )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (selective )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3543 Td (judicious\) )Tj 4.5354 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5654 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.4331 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (will )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (negatively )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (associated )Tj 5.1023 0 Td (with )Tj -38.4692 -1.3606 Td (a )Tj 0.8566 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7811 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.2299 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0158 0 Td (that )Tj 1.959 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (relationship )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (will )Tj 1.663 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4677 0 Td (mediated )Tj 4.4851 0 Td (by )Tj -39.1118 -1.3544 Td (accidental )Tj 4.8377 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0709 0 Td (leakage. )Tj -9.9086 -1.8897 Td (The )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.348 0 Td (variable, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.2898 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.5149 0 Td (innovation)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 5.2662 0 Td (is )Tj 1.222 0 Td (defined )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (completely )Tj 5.3292 0 Td (new )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (products )Tj 4.4724 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3448 -1.3543 Td (services )Tj 4.0503 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Abernathy )Tj 5.2599 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0913 0 Td (Clark, )Tj 2.9544 0 Td (1985)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8472 0 Td (Tushman )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (Anderson, )Tj 4.9386 0 Td (1986)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (This )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (contrasts )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (with )Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.4692 -1.3544 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (innovation)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 5.0204 0 Td (which )Tj 2.841 0 Td (refers )Tj 2.7905 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (products )Tj 4.2268 0 Td (or )Tj 1.1464 0 Td (services )Tj 3.937 0 Td (that )Tj 1.915 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (mere )Tj 2.526 0 Td (improvements 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1.978 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.5984 0 Td (inquiry, )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (we )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7968 -1.3606 Td (interested )Tj 4.737 0 Td (in )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.1149 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (performance)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 6.2803 0 Td (i.e. )Tj 1.663 0 Td (how )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (much )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7086 0 Td (sales )Tj 2.652 0 Td (originate )Tj 4.1764 0 Td (from )Tj -38.2362 -1.3543 Td (products )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (services )Tj 3.9748 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0771 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (category, )Tj 4.4787 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3544 0 Td (opposed )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (incrementally )Tj 6.1606 0 Td (improved )Tj 4.4851 0 Td (products )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3385 -1.3544 Td (services )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (or )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (those )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (have )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (remained )Tj 4.4094 0 Td (unchanged. )Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.3779 -1.8897 Td (Uncontrolled )Tj 6.1228 0 Td (external )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (sharing )Tj /F4 1 Tf 3.7795 0 Td (refers )Tj 3.0111 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (lack )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (individual-level )Tj 7.0362 0 Td (judgment )Tj -36.044 -1.3544 Td (about )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.748 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4173 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8803 0 Td (with )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (an )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (external )Tj 4.0882 0 Td (partner. )Tj 4.0504 0 Td (This )Tj 2.4 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3543 Td (perceived )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (employee's )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (decision )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (concerning )Tj 5.2536 0 Td (whether )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (share )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0961 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (anyone )Tj -36.9889 -1.3543 Td (in )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.6283 0 Td (organization\(s\) )Tj 7.0047 0 Td (or )Tj 1.3166 0 Td (only )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (appropriate )Tj 5.6 0 Td (persons. )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (When )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (employee )Tj -35.8866 -1.3543 Td (does )Tj 2.5133 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (carefully )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (consider )Tj 4.1512 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (whom )Tj 2.9544 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (share )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.4709 0 Td (knowledge, )Tj 5.4173 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6031 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3607 Td (considered )Tj 5.2346 0 Td (as )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (uncontrolled. )Tj 5.9843 0 Td (In )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (our )Tj 1.6692 0 Td (model, )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (this )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (suggested )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0771 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.1607 0 Td (to )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0771 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.8378 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3543 Td (leakage)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 4.1952 0 Td (This )Tj 2.2173 0 Td (concept )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (refers )Tj 2.9418 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2409 0 Td (situations )Tj 4.567 0 Td (where )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9637 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (employee )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (accidentally )Tj 5.7134 0 Td (exposes )Tj -36.485 -1.3543 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.4015 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9574 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (meant )Tj 2.9985 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0771 0 Td (be )Tj 1.411 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (external )Tj 3.748 0 Td (parties )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.0362 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj -38.9039 -1.3544 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (These )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (unwanted )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2094 0 Td (spillovers, )Tj 4.8126 0 Td (also )Tj 2.1859 0 Td (called )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (leakages )Tj 4.3779 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2158 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2094 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2095 0 Td (non- )Tj -38.2488 -1.3543 Td (authorized )Tj 5.2157 0 Td (people )Tj 3.6346 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Ahmad )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0819 0 Td (et )Tj 1.3859 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.8771 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (are )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (a )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (central )Tj 3.5654 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3292 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (protection )Tj -35.7858 -1.3543 Td (research )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Manhart )Tj 4.4158 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (Thalmann, )Tj 5.0583 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2629 0 Td (Examples )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7544 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (leads )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3889 -1.3607 Td (unwanted )Tj 4.6614 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (include )Tj 3.5527 0 Td (unrestrained )Tj 5.8646 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.9591 0 Td (environments, )Tj 6.5197 0 Td (permitting )Tj 4.7748 0 Td (overly )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (easy )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 172.276 206.635 m 214.413 206.635 l 214.413 189.635 l 172.276 189.635 l f* /C3 cs 0.55 scn 214.413 206.635 m 534.276 206.635 l 534.276 189.635 l 214.413 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5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 128 0 obj 14452 endobj 34 0 obj <> stream 6 0 7 118 8 237 9 356 10 475 11 594 12 713 13 832 14 951 15 1070 16 1189 35 1308 24 1378 39 1493 40 1613 41 1732 42 1852 43 1972 44 2092 45 2212 46 2332 47 2451 48 2571 49 2690 50 2809 51 2928 52 3047 53 3166 54 3285 55 3403 56 3522 57 3642 58 3761 59 3881 60 4001 61 4120 62 4238 63 4358 64 4476 65 4596 66 4715 67 4833 68 4951 69 5070 70 5187 71 5306 78 5426 79 5546 80 5666 81 5785 82 5905 83 6024 84 6143 85 6262 86 6382 87 6502 88 6622 89 6742 90 6861 91 6981 92 7101 93 7221 94 7341 95 7461 101 7581 102 7701 103 7820 104 7938 105 8057 106 8177 107 8297 108 8416 109 8534 110 8654 111 8773 112 8893 113 9013 114 9132 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(designs, )Tj -36.4283 -1.3417 Td (products )Tj 4.2078 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (processes )Tj 4.863 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Jiang )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9858 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0425 0 Td (The )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (could )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (take )Tj 2.1229 0 Td (place )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (through )Tj 3.6473 0 Td (frequent )Tj -36.5417 -1.3417 Td (communication )Tj 7.2251 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1985 0 Td (interactions )Tj 5.5748 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.7056 0 Td (members )Tj 4.674 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.2362 0 Td (firms )Tj -38.0787 -1.3417 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Kale )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.6519 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 2.8787 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2346 0 Td (at )Tj 1.178 0 Td (professional )Tj 5.7197 0 Td (fairs, )Tj 2.4945 0 Td (exhibitions, )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (code )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (committees )Tj 5.4614 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2346 0 Td (other )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (formal )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3385 -1.3481 Td (informal )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (occasions. )Tj 5.1149 0 Td (It )Tj 0.9134 0 Td (could )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (also )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (happen )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (because )Tj 4.1953 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (an )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (individual's )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (enthusiasm )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (when )Tj 2.715 0 Td (he/ )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (she )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (perceives )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7953 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.6031 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4614 0 Td (trustworthy )Tj 5.2473 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2976 0 Td (otherwise )Tj 4.63 0 Td (identifies )Tj 4.3527 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.6032 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Husted )Tj /F3 1 Tf -36.7055 -1.3417 Td (et )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.074 0 Td (All )Tj 1.367 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (all, )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (argue )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (leakages )Tj 4.2772 0 Td (will )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.1984 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (loss )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.3418 Td (performance )Tj 5.8897 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (firm. )Tj -10.9606 -1.8834 Td (In )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (following )Tj 4.1953 0 Td (subsections, )Tj 5.9023 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.6662 0 Td (key )Tj 1.8519 0 Td (theoretical )Tj 4.9008 0 Td (arguments )Tj 5.0331 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (us )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (develop )Tj -36.6488 -1.3418 Td (the )Tj 1.6188 0 Td (two )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (formal )Tj 2.9859 0 Td (hypotheses )Tj 5.348 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8897 0 Td (link )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (key )Tj 1.789 0 Td (constructs )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (explicated )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0142 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (model. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 578.608 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.3 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Exter)Tj 2.3585 0 Td (nal )Tj 1.542 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9663 0 Td (shar)Tj 1.9502 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.542 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.5411 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8765 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.1465 0 Td (innov)Tj 2.347 0 Td (ation )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (perf)Tj 1.6951 0 Td (or)Tj 0.9071 0 Td (mance )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 561.6 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.02 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (We )Tj 1.9905 0 Td (start )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (our )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (theorizing )Tj 4.7623 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (direct )Tj 3.0237 0 Td (link )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2772 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.285 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5448 -1.3417 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (performance )Tj 5.8708 0 Td (\(the )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (upper )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (arrow )Tj 2.778 0 Td (in )Tj 0 0 1 rg 1.1149 0 Td (Figure )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (1)Tj 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 1.4929 0 Td (In )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (contrast )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3606 0 Td (innovation, )Tj -35.6094 -1.3417 Td (radical )Tj 3.2377 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6678 0 Td (often )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (occurs )Tj 3.2629 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (context )Tj 3.4709 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (small )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (teams )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (individuals )Tj 4.8819 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (organizations )Tj -34.4881 -1.3417 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Stringer, )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.137 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (such )Tj 2.507 0 Td (settings, )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (extensive )Tj 4.4599 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1275 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6221 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (parties )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (not )Tj -38.8787 -1.3418 Td (necessarily )Tj 5.1023 0 Td (an )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (optimal )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (option, )Tj 3.2063 0 Td (as )Tj 1.304 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6188 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (may )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (outweighed )Tj 5.2977 0 Td (by )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (limited )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (value )Tj -37.9275 -1.3417 Td (capture )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (even )Tj 2.5323 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (loss )Tj 2.148 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (one's )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1465 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Olander )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.233 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1559 0 Td (Radical )Tj 3.6913 0 Td (ideas )Tj -37.8645 -1.3417 Td (enable )Tj 3.2314 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (best )Tj 2.1796 0 Td (capture )Tj 3.6094 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (value )Tj 2.589 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6078 0 Td (they )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (only )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (closed )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (group; )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (radicalness )Tj -35.2818 -1.3418 Td (tends )Tj 2.6456 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (escape )Tj 4.1764 0 Td (when )Tj 2.5448 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5749 0 Td (ideas )Tj 2.5826 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.2315 0 Td (too )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (openly )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (and/or )Tj 3.0174 0 Td (too )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (widely )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.2913 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.4992 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -35.496 -1.8897 Td (Based )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.4015 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (embedded )Tj 5.178 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (innovations, )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (suggest )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (that )Tj 1.978 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj -34.9165 -1.3418 Td (openness )Tj 4.8125 0 Td (may )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (be )Tj 1.726 0 Td (harmful )Tj 3.7796 0 Td (when )Tj 2.8913 0 Td (contrasted )Tj 5.1654 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2929 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (controlled )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (or )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (selective )Tj 4.3465 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (of )Tj -39.4078 -1.3417 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.1685 0 Td (knowledge. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 5.222 0 Td (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.6016 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0582 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (\(2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9669 0 Td (2017)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 2.7087 0 Td (argue )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (that )Tj 1.852 0 Td (it )Tj 0.7307 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9386 0 Td (highly )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (beneficial )Tj 4.378 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8 0 Td (firm )Tj -38.6141 -1.3417 Td (to )Tj 1.2157 0 Td (put )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (forward )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (some )Tj 2.778 0 Td (core )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (while )Tj 2.5827 0 Td (still )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (retaining )Tj 4.1197 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (essential )Tj 4.1701 0 Td (insights )Tj 3.6976 0 Td (internally. )Tj 4.4599 0 Td (As )Tj -39.074 -1.3418 Td (mentioned )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (earlier, )Tj 3.622 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4804 0 Td (a )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (partnership )Tj 5.6252 0 Td (context, )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (selective )Tj 4.4913 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.9244 0 Td (requires )Tj 4.2394 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (individual )Tj -36.1448 -1.3417 Td (employee's )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.3528 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (what )Tj 2.3181 0 Td (exactly )Tj 3.3071 0 Td (should )Tj 3.1622 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.2756 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (whom. )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (For )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (example, )Tj -36.2582 -1.3417 Td (partner )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (often )Tj 2.8158 0 Td (use )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.1858 0 Td (contracts )Tj 4.674 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2867 0 Td (include )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (confidentiality )Tj 6.5449 0 Td (clauses, )Tj 4.2456 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3574 -1.3418 Td (employees )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (involved )Tj 4.2582 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4489 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (exchange )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (may )Tj 2.5385 0 Td (be )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (required )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (sign )Tj 2.5197 0 Td (nondisclosure )Tj -34.2173 -1.3417 Td (agreements )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (about )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 5.7638 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (question. )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (These )Tj 2.8787 0 Td (measures )Tj 4.4913 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.515 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (least )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (some )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (formal )Tj -37.5496 -1.3417 Td (protection )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8756 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (knowledge, )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (they )Tj 2.1481 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (considered )Tj 5.178 0 Td (reminders )Tj 4.6488 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.033 0 Td (about )Tj -37.7511 -1.3418 Td (their )Tj 2.4377 0 Td (responsibility )Tj 6.1985 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (safeguarding )Tj 6.2929 0 Td (trade )Tj 2.8347 0 Td (secrets )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (core )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hannah, )Tj 4.5355 0 Td (2005)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.4992 -1.3417 Td (However, )Tj 4.3149 0 Td (such )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (measures )Tj 4.4851 0 Td (might )Tj 2.6708 0 Td (not )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (always )Tj 3.1874 0 Td (regulate )Tj 3.767 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (actual )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (behavior )Tj 3.9811 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (sharing, )Tj -36.7559 -1.3417 Td (as )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (much )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0519 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (process )Tj 3.7166 0 Td (takes )Tj 2.5385 0 Td (place )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.3149 0 Td (level )Tj 2.1985 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9149 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9323 0 Td (dependent )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (employee's )Tj -35.3133 -1.3418 Td (choices, )Tj 4.1637 0 Td (judgment, )Tj 4.8882 0 Td (care )Tj 2.4756 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (overall )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (understanding )Tj 6.7906 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (content )Tj 3.748 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (knowledge. )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (If )Tj -39.6787 -1.3417 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3606 0 Td (related )Tj 3.6346 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4614 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9953 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (without )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (judicious )Tj 4.4661 0 Td (consideration, )Tj 6.7024 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8787 -1.3417 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2031 0 Td (may )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (leak )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (beyond )Tj 3.7733 0 Td (the )Tj 1.833 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (organization\(s\) )Tj 6.8472 0 Td (and )Tj 2.167 0 Td (even )Tj 2.5889 0 Td (reach )Tj 2.9481 0 Td (the )Tj 1.833 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.9401 -1.3418 Td (competitors )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Laursen )Tj 4.0126 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 2.9418 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 2.948 0 Td (reducing )Tj 4.0756 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (radicalness )Tj 5.1717 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0393 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (innovation. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 238.564 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.4 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Exter)Tj 2.3585 0 Td (nal )Tj 1.542 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9663 0 Td (shar)Tj 1.9502 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.542 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.5411 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8765 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.6998 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9663 0 Td (leakage )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 221.556 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (The )Tj 2.3622 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.5354 0 Td (suggests )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (that )Tj 2.3622 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5433 0 Td (is )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (typically )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.7921 0 Td (most )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (effectively )Tj 5.1464 0 Td (among )Tj -37.1401 -1.3417 Td (employees )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (who )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (have )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (same )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (or )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (similar )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (backgrounds )Tj 6.4567 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Wenger )Tj 4.3654 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (Snyder, )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.4299 -1.3417 Td (Provided )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (these )Tj 3.0299 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (are )Tj 2.041 0 Td (selected )Tj 4.3905 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4426 0 Td (collaborate )Tj 5.537 0 Td (on )Tj 1.7133 0 Td (a )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (specific )Tj 4.063 0 Td (project )Tj 3.685 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3448 -1.3417 Td (partnership )Tj 5.6251 0 Td (interface, )Tj 4.6804 0 Td (they )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (will )Tj 1.9338 0 Td (likely )Tj 2.7591 0 Td (share )Tj 3.0425 0 Td (some )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (similar )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (features. )Tj 4.4157 0 Td (Moreover, )Tj 5.0268 0 Td (they )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7968 -1.3418 Td (assigned )Tj 4.5921 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (work )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (toward )Tj 3.5527 0 Td (achieving )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (common )Tj 4.3717 0 Td (goal, )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (namely, )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (collaboration )Tj -34.5448 -1.3417 Td (project. )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (In )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (sense, )Tj 3.263 0 Td (they )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (work )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (context )Tj 3.5905 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (a )Tj 0.907 0 Td (public )Tj 3.0993 0 Td (good )Tj 2.6771 0 Td (dilemma. )Tj 4.4221 0 Td (In )Tj 1.1842 0 Td (other )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (words, )Tj -37.2472 -1.3417 Td (they )Tj 2.148 0 Td (\(and )Tj 2.3181 0 Td (their )Tj 2.1984 0 Td (organizations\) )Tj 6.5197 0 Td (all )Tj 1.2661 0 Td (benefit, )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (irrespective )Tj 5.4299 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1087 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (extent )Tj 2.9732 0 Td (to )Tj 1.115 0 Td (which )Tj 2.8535 0 Td (they )Tj 2.148 0 Td (individually )Tj -35.307 -1.3418 Td (contribute )Tj 4.9637 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (van )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (Dijk )Tj 2.167 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (Wilke, )Tj 3.1559 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (However, )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (when )Tj 2.885 0 Td (core )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2473 0 Td (shared, )Tj 3.874 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (collective )Tj 4.6803 0 Td (interest )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (leading )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (intensive )Tj 4.4158 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3669 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (between )Tj 4.3276 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (might )Tj 3.0173 0 Td (still )Tj -38.8094 -1.3417 Td (coincide )Tj 4.0125 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (private )Tj 3.263 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (firm. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -19.7102 -1.8898 Td (Husted )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (Michailova )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (\(2010\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 3.4709 0 Td (emphasize )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (that )Tj 2.274 0 Td (while )Tj 2.8662 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (failure )Tj 3.3008 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (share )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3417 Td (sufficiently )Tj 5.348 0 Td (can )Tj 2.3496 0 Td (result )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4677 0 Td (a )Tj 1.2599 0 Td (firm's )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (inability )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (to )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (realize )Tj 3.5968 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0788 0 Td (intended )Tj 4.6047 0 Td (benefit )Tj 3.7165 0 Td (from )Tj 2.6898 0 Td (the )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td (""09 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 156 0 obj 17422 endobj 179 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (collaboration, )Tj 6.3181 0 Td (excessive )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1905 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6536 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9197 0 Td (loss )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (firm-specific )Tj 5.7827 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3606 Td (and )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (thus )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (limited )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (chances )Tj 4.189 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (enhancing )Tj 5.0582 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7654 0 Td (competitiveness )Tj 7.5905 0 Td (in )Tj 1.178 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7889 0 Td (future )Tj 2.9355 0 Td (via )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (core )Tj -38.2488 -1.3543 Td (knowledge-based )Tj 8.6362 0 Td (innovations. )Tj 5.9212 0 Td (Specifically, )Tj 5.9843 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.5055 0 Td (labeled )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (by )Tj 1.789 0 Td (these )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (authors )Tj -36.9322 -1.3606 Td (as )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (gone )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (natives )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (\(those )Tj 3.0615 0 Td (who )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (more )Tj 2.57 0 Td (allegiant )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1465 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 5.9968 0 Td (than )Tj 2.2363 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1464 0 Td (their )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (own )Tj 2.1292 0 Td (firm\) )Tj -38.2425 -1.3544 Td (are )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (likely )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (engage )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (too )Tj 1.663 0 Td (much )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1213 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5842 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (partners )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Husted )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.811 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.4299 -1.3606 Td (The )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (established )Tj 5.6189 0 Td (connectedness, )Tj 7.5842 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.8504 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (trust )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (based )Tj 3.326 0 Td (on )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (social )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (relations )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (among )Tj -0.02 Tc -37.1401 -1.3543 Td (individuals )Tj 4.8692 0 Td (tend )Tj 2.2552 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1275 0 Td (foster )Tj 2.715 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4063 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.0441 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Jansen )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.7354 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7212 0 Td (McFadyen )Tj 4.8819 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (Cannella, )Tj 4.3527 0 Td (2004)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -37.8141 -1.3544 Td (Subramaniam )Tj 6.4125 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (Youndt, )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (2005)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (Such )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 5.7197 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (toward )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (external )Tj 3.811 0 Td (partners )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5212 -1.3606 Td (likely )Tj 2.337 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.1103 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9449 0 Td (leakage. )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (This )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (occurs )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (at )Tj 1.052 0 Td (an )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (interpersonal )Tj 5.8016 0 Td (level )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (among )Tj 3.2567 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8787 -1.3543 Td (individuals )Tj 5.0645 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.0788 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (behalf )Tj 3.1811 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (the )Tj 1.852 0 Td (partnering )Tj 4.9322 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (employ )Tj 3.6787 0 Td (them. )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj -35.3385 -1.3607 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6157 0 Td (may )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (happen )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (mundane )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (day-to-day, )Tj 5.3355 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1653 0 Td (more )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (formal )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (work-related )Tj 5.7323 0 Td (activities )Tj 4.1134 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4708 -1.3543 Td (more )Tj 2.4377 0 Td (informal )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (social )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (contexts. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 557.915 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.5 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Mediating )Tj 4.5411 0 Td (eff)Tj 1.0942 0 Td (ect )Tj 1.5534 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0318 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9606 0 Td (leakage )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 540.85 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.02 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Thus )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (far, )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (we )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (have )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (argued )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8393 0 Td (as )Tj 1.2662 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (activities )Tj 3.9244 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (risky )Tj 2.2047 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (uncertain )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Mata )Tj 2.7086 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5448 -1.3606 Td (Woerter, )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (their )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.748 0 Td (vanishes )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (if )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4236 0 Td (about )Tj 3.1874 0 Td (them )Tj 2.8787 0 Td (is )Tj 1.4111 0 Td (prematurely )Tj -35.0992 -1.3543 Td (disseminated )Tj 6.0346 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3417 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.6835 0 Td (Oxley )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (Sampson, )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (2004)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (choices )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8771 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8252 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (employees )Tj -35.5086 -1.3543 Td (make )Tj 2.759 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (terms )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0961 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5842 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (critical )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (success )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4819 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.874 -1.3607 Td (activities. )Tj 4.2267 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.6362 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5308 0 Td (expect )Tj 3.2251 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.1843 0 Td (uncontrolled, )Tj 5.8457 0 Td (rather )Tj 2.7779 0 Td (than )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (selective, )Tj 4.3024 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.5086 -1.3543 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (external )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.0882 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (harmful )Tj 3.7166 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.863 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.274 0 Td (We )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (also )Tj -38.4566 -1.3606 Td (propose )Tj 4.1448 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1607 0 Td (such )Tj 2.6456 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2599 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (increases )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (likelihood )Tj 4.5669 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3669 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.0142 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.5086 -1.3544 Td (leakage. )Tj 3.9748 0 Td (These )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (combined )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (arguments )Tj 4.9071 0 Td (suggest )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (existence )Tj 4.3969 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (mediating )Tj 4.567 0 Td (effect: )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (accidental )Tj -35.7606 -1.3606 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (will )Tj 1.789 0 Td (negatively )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (mediate )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (relationship )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (between )Tj 4.1764 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 5.7826 0 Td (external )Tj -36.8251 -1.3543 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9385 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.4598 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (performance. )Tj -22.4629 -1.8898 Td (This )Tj 2.085 0 Td (mediating )Tj 4.5921 0 Td (process )Tj 3.8047 0 Td (takes )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (place )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (when )Tj 2.633 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0331 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (carelessly )Tj 4.6173 0 Td (by )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.4 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.9401 -1.3543 Td (employees, )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (process, )Tj 4.1133 0 Td (some )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (key )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (aspects )Tj 3.8047 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (may )Tj 2.2174 0 Td (spill )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (over, )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (not )Tj -38.8787 -1.3606 Td (only )Tj 1.9905 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.326 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.8393 0 Td (but )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (even )Tj 2.3307 0 Td (further )Tj 2.9985 0 Td (away )Tj 2.4881 0 Td (in )Tj 0.989 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (network, )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (including )Tj 4.1638 0 Td (rivals )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.6252 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj -38.948 -1.3544 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8283 0 Td (Hernandez )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.1779 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8283 0 Td (Pahnke )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.641 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.137 0 Td (First, )Tj 2.4819 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (strip )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (away )Tj 2.6772 0 Td (some )Tj 2.7968 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8787 -1.3606 Td (novelty )Tj 3.2629 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0457 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.3055 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Ponce, )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.6394 0 Td (Scotchmer )Tj 4.8882 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (Green, )Tj 3.1811 0 Td (1990)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 2.9544 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (relatedly, )Tj -36.3023 -1.3543 Td (it )Tj 0.7685 0 Td (may )Tj 2.1354 0 Td (cause )Tj 2.9165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (lose )Tj 2.0536 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2535 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.1607 0 Td (time )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (commercialization )Tj 8.0377 0 Td (potential )Tj 3.9497 0 Td (if )Tj 0.7685 0 Td (imitators )Tj 3.8992 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (able )Tj -38.3433 -1.3544 Td (to )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (enter )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (market )Tj 3.263 0 Td (first )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Cohen )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4645 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (2002)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0299 0 Td (Such )Tj 2.5197 0 Td (processes )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (reduction )Tj 4.359 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.3039 -1.3606 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (performance )Tj 5.8771 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (Overall, )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (conceptual )Tj 5.1717 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (arguments )Tj -35.6157 -1.3543 Td (provided )Tj 4.0881 0 Td (so )Tj 1.2599 0 Td (far )Tj 1.3543 0 Td (allow )Tj 2.4063 0 Td (us )Tj 1.2662 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0393 0 Td (put )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (forward )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (our )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (main )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (mediating )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (hypothesis: )Tj /F3 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc -23.6598 -1.9213 Td (H1.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.03 Tc 2.1984 0 Td (Accidental )Tj 5.2599 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.9496 0 Td (will )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (negatively )Tj 5.0393 0 Td (mediate )Tj 4.0126 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (relationship )Tj 5.7071 0 Td (between )Tj -32.6866 -1.2409 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.085 0 Td (external )Tj 3.9812 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4519 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0268 0 Td (performance. )Tj -0.02 Tc -33.1527 -1.9717 Td (To )Tj 1.7952 0 Td (further )Tj 3.4709 0 Td (study )Tj 3.074 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0599 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.3653 0 Td (harmful )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (of )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.0157 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4173 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.9119 0 Td (on )Tj -39.137 -1.3606 Td (radical )Tj 3.559 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9827 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.4 0 Td (we )Tj 1.8897 0 Td (also )Tj 2.4 0 Td (develop )Tj 4.1197 0 Td (a )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (comparative )Tj 5.9779 0 Td (hypothesis )Tj 5.2725 0 Td (related )Tj 3.622 0 Td (to )Tj -39.4078 -1.3543 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4047 0 Td (innovation. )Tj 5.0204 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2284 0 Td (particular, )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8882 0 Td (is )Tj 1.115 0 Td (important )Tj 4.4661 0 Td (to )Tj 1.222 0 Td (know )Tj 2.6772 0 Td (whether )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (arguments )Tj 5.0205 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4929 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8724 -1.3607 Td (novelty )Tj 3.3133 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.1937 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (related )Tj 3.263 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9889 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.4772 0 Td (and )Tj 1.959 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.6977 0 Td (also )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (hold )Tj 2.1544 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0929 -1.3543 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (less )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (novel. )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (While )Tj 2.7528 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (refers )Tj 2.8535 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2158 0 Td (completely )Tj 5.096 0 Td (new )Tj 2.1796 0 Td (products )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3574 -1.3606 Td (services, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.2771 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (innovations )Tj /F4 1 Tf 5.2788 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8519 0 Td (products )Tj 4.3087 0 Td (or )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (services )Tj 4.0189 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0536 0 Td (gradually )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (improve )Tj 3.9307 0 Td (existing )Tj -36.9259 -1.3544 Td (ones )Tj 2.4566 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Abernathy )Tj 5.1213 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (Clark, )Tj 2.8725 0 Td (1985)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7716 0 Td (Tushman )Tj 4.3339 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (Anderson, )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (1986)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0867 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (based )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (our )Tj -38.822 -1.3543 Td (arguments )Tj 5.0015 0 Td (so )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (far, )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (expect )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (performance )Tj 5.9024 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7449 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2094 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (affected )Tj 3.9181 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2158 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8787 -1.3606 Td (same )Tj 3.1874 0 Td (extent )Tj 3.4267 0 Td (as )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (from )Tj 2.7527 0 Td (unwanted )Tj 5.0394 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5244 0 Td (leakage )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (in )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj -36.4661 -1.3544 Td (collaborations. )Tj 6.5322 0 Td (While )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2063 0 Td (innovation-related )Tj 7.9055 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0016 0 Td (might )Tj 2.7024 0 Td (seriously )Tj 4.0503 0 Td (lose )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (value )Tj 2.5827 0 Td (when )Tj -37.9086 -1.3606 Td (accidentally )Tj 5.4992 0 Td (leaked )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (outside, )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (diffusing )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (developments )Tj 6.4567 0 Td (leads )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (less )Tj -38.507 -1.3543 Td (harmful )Tj 3.4708 0 Td (exposure )Tj 4.2835 0 Td (given )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8771 0 Td (such )Tj 2.3622 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 4.9827 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9701 0 Td (more )Tj 2.4819 0 Td (familiar )Tj 3.3323 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (all )Tj 1.2221 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.6787 0 Td (peers )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (there )Tj 2.463 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5212 -1.3607 Td (thus )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (less )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.2629 0 Td (value. )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (we )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (hypothesize )Tj 5.3985 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (following: )Tj /F3 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc -21.7449 -1.9149 Td (H2.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 2.1984 0 Td (Accidental )Tj 5.0961 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2157 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (does )Tj 2.589 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (have )Tj 2.526 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9386 0 Td (negative )Tj 4.17 0 Td (mediating )Tj 4.7748 0 Td (effect )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (the )Tj -35.3134 -1.2473 Td (relationship )Tj 5.6378 0 Td (between )Tj 4.3402 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.022 0 Td (external )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2615 0 Td (incremental )Tj -31.5465 -1.2409 Td (innovation )Tj 4.674 0 Td (performance. )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 48.0188 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5031 0 Td ("""0 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 77.6125 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 83.3952 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 178 0 obj 16887 endobj 202 0 obj <> stream q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 719.887 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (*# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td (+ )Tj 2.3301 0 Td (\r )Tj 1.8879 0 Td (\) \r )Tj /F9 1 Tf -5.2724 -1.627 Td (3.1 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Sample )Tj 3.6 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8766 0 Td (data )Tj 2.1599 0 Td (collection )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 686.608 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.02 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (To )Tj 1.3354 0 Td (test )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (hypotheses, )Tj 5.4929 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (use )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (data )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (collected )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0078 0 Td (2012 )Tj 2.4 0 Td (from )Tj 2.1985 0 Td (members )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6 0 Td (Federation )Tj -35.6472 -1.3669 Td (of )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (Technology )Tj 5.4929 0 Td (Industries. )Tj 4.9385 0 Td (This )Tj 2.2363 0 Td (national )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (association )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (covers )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (Finland's )Tj 4.2961 0 Td (most )Tj -38.1165 -1.3669 Td (important )Tj 4.5543 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.9055 0 Td (sectors )Tj 3.6409 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2473 0 Td (terms )Tj 2.9165 0 Td (of )Tj 1.304 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.507 0 Td (investment )Tj 5.1402 0 Td (\(80 )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (per )Tj 1.959 0 Td (cent )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3103 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8393 0 Td (total )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (national )Tj -36.8818 -1.3669 Td (investment\) )Tj 5.2787 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (55 )Tj 1.4111 0 Td (per )Tj 1.7889 0 Td (cent )Tj 2.1985 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (exports )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Federation )Tj 5.2157 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.3511 0 Td (Technology )Tj 5.3355 0 Td (Industries, )Tj -35.7543 -1.367 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0488 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.6803 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.2519 0 Td (context )Tj 3.4772 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (ideally )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (suited )Tj 2.9417 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (testing )Tj 3.2 0 Td (our )Tj 1.726 0 Td (hypotheses )Tj 5.2977 0 Td (regarding )Tj -36 -1.3669 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7859 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.1291 0 Td (The )Tj 1.978 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.1937 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0913 0 Td (pretested )Tj -36.1007 -1.3669 Td (with )Tj 1.9779 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8252 0 Td (panel )Tj 2.6772 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (experienced )Tj 5.6567 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.6788 0 Td (practitioners, )Tj 5.8267 0 Td (allowing )Tj 3.7733 0 Td (us )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (improve )Tj 3.748 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (clarity )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (several )Tj -37.1338 -1.367 Td (of )Tj 1.0582 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.0866 0 Td (items )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (prior )Tj 2.2173 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (launching )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (survey. )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (We )Tj 1.663 0 Td (subsequently )Tj 6.0158 0 Td (surveyed )Tj 4.2078 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.3308 0 Td (with )Tj 1.959 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (least )Tj -38.1984 -1.3669 Td (ten )Tj 1.707 0 Td (employees, )Tj 5.3418 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (overall )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (population )Tj 4.8882 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1779 0 Td (comprised )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (1,273 )Tj 2.7717 0 Td (companies )Tj 5.1275 0 Td (in )Tj 1.115 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (machinery )Tj -35.7417 -1.3669 Td (and )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (metal, )Tj 2.8473 0 Td (electronics, )Tj 5.1464 0 Td (information )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (technology )Tj 4.9701 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (planning )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (consulting )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (industries. )Tj -0.0055 Tc -32.2456 -1.8898 Td (In )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (selecting )Tj 4.3402 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (respondents, )Tj 6.167 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (followed )Tj 4.0126 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (key )Tj 1.8834 0 Td (informant )Tj 4.4599 0 Td (selection )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (criteria )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (specified )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (by )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -39.1118 -1.3669 Td (Kumar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2062 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (\(1993\))Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (. )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (For )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (examining )Tj 4.8378 0 Td (phenomena )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (those )Tj 2.7024 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (which )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5559 0 Td (were )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (interested, )Tj -35.5653 -1.3669 Td (we )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (expected )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (each )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (key )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (informant )Tj 4.3716 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (possess )Tj 3.9433 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8189 0 Td (wide )Tj 2.3559 0 Td (range )Tj 2.8409 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0898 0 Td (about )Tj 2.7968 0 Td (his/her )Tj 3.2189 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.8645 -1.367 Td (activities )Tj 4.2141 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (events, )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.4299 0 Td (behaviors )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7464 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8693 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.3118 0 Td (Thus, )Tj -37.8078 -1.3669 Td (we )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (surveyed )Tj 4.3212 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (chief )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (executive )Tj 4.4662 0 Td (officer )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (\(CEO\) )Tj 3.011 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (each )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.9023 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (sample. )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (The )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (mean )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (number )Tj -36.8125 -1.3669 Td (of )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (per )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (company )Tj 4.3968 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (148, )Tj 2.1985 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (median )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (44, )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (therefore, )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (expect )Tj 3.3008 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.367 Td (CEO )Tj 2.4377 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4929 0 Td (rather )Tj 2.9102 0 Td (well-informed )Tj 6.2489 0 Td (about )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (activities )Tj 4.1575 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.4756 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (these )Tj 2.7464 0 Td (sizes. )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (Attached )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3669 Td (survey )Tj 3.1559 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (a )Tj 0.7937 0 Td (cover )Tj 2.715 0 Td (letter )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (explaining )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (that )Tj 1.896 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (respondent )Tj 5.2977 0 Td (should )Tj 3.2 0 Td (answer )Tj 3.4267 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (best )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (his/her )Tj -37.2661 -1.3669 Td (judgment )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3732 0 Td (behalf )Tj 3.011 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (whole )Tj 2.8409 0 Td (organization. )Tj 5.9591 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (received )Tj 4.1008 0 Td (150 )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (responses, )Tj 5.1528 0 Td (representing )Tj 5.8646 0 Td (an )Tj -39.1244 -1.3669 Td (effective )Tj 4.2834 0 Td (response )Tj 4.6803 0 Td (rate )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3922 0 Td (11.8 )Tj 2.4819 0 Td (per )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (cent. )Tj 2.7528 0 Td (In )Tj 1.3921 0 Td (our )Tj 1.9905 0 Td (view, )Tj 2.8095 0 Td (this )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2725 0 Td (considered )Tj 5.5496 0 Td (reasonable, )Tj -35.0173 -1.367 Td (especially )Tj 5.0897 0 Td (given )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (the )Tj 2.041 0 Td (high )Tj 2.5827 0 Td (status )Tj 3.3007 0 Td (of )Tj 1.493 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (informants )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Bartholomew )Tj 6.7465 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (Smith, )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.4299 -1.3669 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 6.0094 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (believe )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (unique )Tj 3.3763 0 Td (set )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (high-profile )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (informants )Tj 4.9638 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.2079 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9197 0 Td (feasible )Tj -36.7748 -1.3669 Td (data )Tj 2.4251 0 Td (set )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (allows )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (us )Tj 1.4929 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (assess )Tj 3.515 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7355 0 Td (and )Tj 2.148 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.9496 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.2835 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2094 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj -36.3401 -1.367 Td (context, )Tj 3.9181 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (well )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (firm-specific )Tj 5.8268 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8819 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.3307 0 Td (Also, )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (sample )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (represents )Tj -35.5023 -1.3669 Td (multiple )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (industries, )Tj 4.9511 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1103 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (studied )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (phenomena )Tj 5.6693 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (rather )Tj 2.9795 0 Td (universal, )Tj 4.6173 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (believe )Tj 3.578 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (our )Tj -38.7968 -1.3669 Td (results )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (can )Tj 1.8897 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.5969 0 Td (implications )Tj 5.4866 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (various )Tj 3.4204 0 Td (types )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (contexts. )Tj -30.4377 -1.8898 Td (Nonresponse )Tj 6.5196 0 Td (bias )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (was )Tj 2.3559 0 Td (tested )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (by )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (comparing )Tj 5.3732 0 Td (two )Tj 2.1418 0 Td (groups )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (informants )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.2032 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1.1023 0 Td (those )Tj 3.0173 0 Td (who )Tj -38.4125 -1.3669 Td (answered )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (after )Tj 2.337 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (first )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (contact )Tj 3.6536 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (those )Tj 2.7779 0 Td (who )Tj 2.1733 0 Td (answered )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (after )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (reminder. )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7953 0 Td (used )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (an )Tj -39.1244 -1.3669 Td (independent )Tj 5.9401 0 Td (samples )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0756 0 Td (t)Tj /F4 1 Tf (-test )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1653 0 Td (assess )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (mean )Tj 2.8094 0 Td (differences )Tj 5.2725 0 Td (between )Tj 4.126 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (two )Tj 1.8771 0 Td (groups )Tj 3.4772 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (all )Tj -39.244 -1.367 Td (the )Tj 1.7259 0 Td (independent )Tj 5.9465 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.1843 0 Td (variables, )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (well )Tj 2.041 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (demographic )Tj 6.2803 0 Td (variables. )Tj 4.6173 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (did )Tj -38.7842 -1.3669 Td (not )Tj 1.6944 0 Td (find )Tj 1.978 0 Td (statistically )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (significant )Tj 4.8062 0 Td (differences )Tj 5.2536 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (any )Tj 1.915 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1527 0 Td (these )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (variables. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 4.5984 0 Td (Table )Tj 2.7906 0 Td (I )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 0.6047 0 Td (describes )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3669 Td (key )Tj 1.7826 0 Td (characteristics )Tj 6.6961 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (sample. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 267.591 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (3.2 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Measures )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 250.526 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (The )Tj 1.9905 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.178 0 Td (variable, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.1196 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (performance)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (was )Tj 2.104 0 Td (measured )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3921 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (estimation )Tj -35.7354 -1.3669 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4142 0 Td (innovation's )Tj 5.5874 0 Td (effect )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (total )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (turnover )Tj 4.0189 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1717 0 Td (2011. )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (survey )Tj -37.3102 -1.3669 Td (respondents )Tj 5.8582 0 Td (were )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (asked )Tj 3.011 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1465 0 Td (estimate )Tj 4.0441 0 Td (how )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (total )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (turnover )Tj 3.9307 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (2011 )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (distributed )Tj 5.0394 0 Td (among )Tj -37.1401 -1.3669 Td (three )Tj 2.4881 0 Td (categories: )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 61.2757 195.631 m 96.9157 195.631 l 96.9157 178.631 l 61.2757 178.631 l f* /C3 cs 0.55 scn 96.9157 195.631 m 423.276 195.631 l 423.276 178.631 l 96.9157 178.631 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 61.2757 179.581 m 423.276 179.581 l 423.276 92.7303 l 61.2757 92.7303 l f* 1 0.44 0.55 0.25 k /C4 cs 1 scn 256.093 149.731 m 65.2757 149.731 l 65.2757 150.731 l 256.093 150.731 l f* 306.559 149.731 m 256.093 149.731 l 256.093 150.731 l 306.559 150.731 l f* 379.136 149.731 m 306.559 149.731 l 306.559 150.731 l 379.136 150.731 l f* 419.275 149.731 m 379.136 149.731 l 379.136 150.731 l 419.275 150.731 l f* 1 g 9 0 0 9 65.2535 184.138 cm BT /F2 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj 2.8346 0 Td ()Tj /F0 1 Tf 1.0142 0 Td (\) )Tj 3.6094 0 Td ( )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 158.06 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Industry )Tj 24.3214 0 Td (N )Tj 5.8394 1.2543 Td (Mean )Tj 2.7071 0 Td (age )Tj -2.0409 -1.2543 Td (\(years\) )Tj 8.4118 1.2543 Td (Mean )Tj 2.7001 0 Td (sales )Tj -1.6867 -1.2543 Td (\(MEur\) )Tj /F4 1 Tf -40.2522 -2.4236 Td (Manufacturi)Tj 5.2441 0 Td (ng )Tj 1.389 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (mechanical )Tj 5.3434 0 Td (enginee)Tj 3.5788 0 Td (ring )Tj 6.9236 0 Td (84 )Tj 6.7253 0 Td (21.15 )Tj 9.6449 0 Td (32.21 )Tj -40.7766 -1.2472 Td (Electronics )Tj 5.1378 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9276 0 Td (electro-techn)Tj 5.8465 0 Td (ical )Tj 11.4945 0 Td (21 )Tj 6.7253 0 Td (16.38 )Tj 9.0993 0 Td (131.15 )Tj -40.231 -1.2544 Td (Information )Tj 5.1945 0 Td (technology )Tj 19.2119 0 Td (19 )Tj 6.7253 0 Td (16.74 )Tj 9.6449 0 Td (17.73 )Tj -40.7766 -1.2472 Td (Consulting )Tj 4.9677 0 Td (engineer)Tj 3.9118 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (industries )Tj 13.9253 0 Td (26 )Tj 6.7253 0 Td (15.38 )Tj 9.6449 0 Td (19.40 )Tj -40.7766 -1.2473 Td (Total )Tj 2.374 0 Td (sample )Tj 21.4797 0 Td (150 )Tj 7.278 0 Td (18.93 )Tj 9.6449 0 Td (42.06 )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td ("""" )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 201 0 obj 15051 endobj 218 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 720.567 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (1. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (products/services )Tj 8.7559 0 Td (introduced )Tj 5.5937 0 Td (in )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (2009-2011 )Tj 5.5244 0 Td (that )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (were )Tj 2.9292 0 Td (completely )Tj 5.6441 0 Td (new )Tj 2.5952 0 Td (\(radical )Tj -35.0236 -1.3417 Td (innovations\); )Tj -1.8267 -2.0031 Td (2. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (products/services )Tj 8.9134 0 Td (introduced )Tj 5.7512 0 Td (in )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (2009-2011 )Tj 5.6756 0 Td (that )Tj 2.5952 0 Td (were )Tj 3.0867 0 Td (improved )Tj 5.1464 0 Td (\(incremental )Tj -32.8693 -1.3418 Td (innovations\); )Tj 5.8646 0 Td (and )Tj -7.6913 -1.9968 Td (3. )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (products/services )Tj 8.2016 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (have )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (practically )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (been )Tj 2.4882 0 Td (unchanged )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (in )Tj 0.989 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (past )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (three )Tj 2.4882 0 Td (years. )Tj -0.0055 Tc -34.148 -2.0032 Td (This )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (categorization )Tj 6.5386 0 Td (allowed )Tj 3.6913 0 Td (us )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (assess )Tj 3.3764 0 Td (how )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5905 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8047 0 Td (would )Tj 2.9354 0 Td (affect )Tj -37.7511 -1.3417 Td (not )Tj 1.6314 0 Td (only )Tj 2.0599 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.263 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (performance )Tj 5.9024 0 Td (but )Tj 1.6944 0 Td (also )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0599 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3984 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (performance)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 6.1795 0 Td (which )Tj -37.6503 -1.3417 Td (we )Tj 1.7259 0 Td (used )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0142 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (variable )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (robustness )Tj 5.3418 0 Td (checks )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (to )Tj 1.285 0 Td (assess )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (whether )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (model )Tj -37.474 -1.3418 Td (would )Tj 3.4204 0 Td (also )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (work )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (in )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (the )Tj 2.1607 0 Td (domain )Tj 4.0882 0 Td (of )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.9275 0 Td (innovations. )Tj 6.041 0 Td (Measuring )Tj 5.4488 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.348 Td (performance )Tj 6.2425 0 Td (with )Tj 2.3559 0 Td (these )Tj 3.011 0 Td (types )Tj 3.0173 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (measures )Tj 4.9323 0 Td (enabled )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (an )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (unambiguous )Tj 6.6331 0 Td (assessment )Tj 5.8645 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (innovation )Tj 4.907 0 Td (outcomes )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (\(e.g. )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (as )Tj 1.474 0 Td (opposed )Tj 4.3969 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (multi-item )Tj 4.6993 0 Td (variables\). )Tj 5.033 0 Td (Considering )Tj 5.7953 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (typically )Tj -36.611 -1.3418 Td (challenging )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (nature )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1527 0 Td (measuring )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8 0 Td (outcomes, )Tj 4.926 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (followed )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.9874 0 Td (Belderbos )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.8756 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1464 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (\(2004\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k -37.3732 -1.3417 Td (and )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.4 0 Td (Tomlinson\(2010\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 8.0125 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (choosing )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (single-item )Tj 5.5055 0 Td (measures )Tj 5.0268 0 Td (for )Tj 1.8456 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.8268 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4 0 Td (radical )Tj -37.2157 -1.3417 Td (innovations. )Tj 0 -1.8898 Td (We )Tj 1.7952 0 Td (estimated )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.7055 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 5.8331 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1906 0 Td (sharing )Tj /F4 1 Tf 3.6598 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9196 0 Td (measure )Tj 4.2079 0 Td (developed )Tj 5.0898 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4614 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (basis )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (of )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 1.3921 0 Td (Fugate )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.641 0 Td (et )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (.'s )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (\(2009\) )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 3.4142 0 Td (work )Tj 2.6456 0 Td (on )Tj 1.663 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (scope )Tj 3.3071 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3921 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (sharing. )Tj 4.126 0 Td (We )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (asked )Tj -37.5244 -1.348 Td (the )Tj 1.8015 0 Td (respondents )Tj 5.9717 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2535 0 Td (assess )Tj 3.5024 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7953 0 Td (typical )Tj 3.3322 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8015 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.778 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (when )Tj 2.778 0 Td (they )Tj -38.3496 -1.3418 Td (became )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (aware )Tj 2.9732 0 Td (of )Tj 1.115 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.4393 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.115 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0519 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (context )Tj 3.5213 0 Td (of )Tj 1.115 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8378 0 Td (specific )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (partnership. )Tj 5.6063 0 Td (First, )Tj -38.085 -1.3417 Td (the )Tj 1.7889 0 Td (respondents )Tj 5.9528 0 Td (were )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (provided )Tj 4.3716 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9638 0 Td (definition )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2409 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.9496 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.6189 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4614 0 Td (the )Tj -38.4692 -1.3417 Td (type )Tj 2.4125 0 Td (of )Tj 1.304 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1292 0 Td (significantly )Tj 5.6692 0 Td (affects )Tj 3.4457 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (possibilities )Tj 5.6189 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (company )Tj 4.5984 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (operate )Tj -36.8188 -1.3418 Td (competitively )Tj 6.085 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0394 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (markets. )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (The )Tj 1.9213 0 Td (logic )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (behind )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (measure )Tj 4.1196 0 Td (was )Tj 2.041 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (business-critical )Tj -33.0645 -1.3417 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2472 0 Td (was )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (available )Tj 4.3528 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (related )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9764 0 Td (specific )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (partnership )Tj 5.4677 0 Td (context )Tj 3.6536 0 Td (\(e.g. )Tj 2.463 0 Td (technology, )Tj -35.074 -1.348 Td (market )Tj 3.6598 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4614 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3433 0 Td (product )Tj 4.1008 0 Td (ideas\), )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (this )Tj 2.1733 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4614 0 Td (would )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (become )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (relevant )Tj 4.1385 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3418 Td (valuable )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (when )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.622 0 Td (across )Tj 3.5087 0 Td (organizational )Tj 6.7212 0 Td (boundaries. )Tj 5.8079 0 Td (However, )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9213 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.3275 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1149 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7921 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (affected )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (by )Tj 1.3921 0 Td (how )Tj 2.104 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (in )Tj 1.052 0 Td (different )Tj 3.9055 0 Td (contexts )Tj 4.0189 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1149 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (shared )Tj -37.1464 -1.3417 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hoecht )Tj 3.8488 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (Trott, )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.137 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (developed )Tj 5.0645 0 Td (measure )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (focused )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4426 0 Td (important )Tj 4.5165 0 Td (differences )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1087 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3418 Td (scope )Tj 3.3385 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4237 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.6378 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4173 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (behavior. )Tj 4.6993 0 Td (One )Tj 2.4692 0 Td (alternative )Tj 5.1339 0 Td (was )Tj 2.3496 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (share )Tj -37.7511 -1.348 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (very )Tj 2.6015 0 Td (openly, )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (without )Tj 3.8552 0 Td (using )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (judgment )Tj 4.9133 0 Td (regarding )Tj 5.0709 0 Td (the )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (role )Tj 2.3749 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4377 0 Td (status )Tj 3.3701 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (the )Tj 1.6692 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1213 0 Td (recipients )Tj 4.6173 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.4771 0 Td (organization\(s\). )Tj 7.1371 0 Td (Another )Tj 3.748 0 Td (alternative )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (more )Tj -37.9653 -1.3418 Td (focused )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (and )Tj 1.959 0 Td (selective, )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5338 0 Td (such )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (only )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (appropriate )Tj 5.411 0 Td (persons )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (within )Tj 2.7591 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (partner )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (organization\(s\). )Tj 7.326 0 Td (The )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (developed )Tj 5.2032 0 Td (measure )Tj 4.3275 0 Td (was )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (intended )Tj 4.378 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (capture )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (this )Tj 2.0158 0 Td (logic )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (by )Tj -39.1118 -1.3417 Td (presenting )Tj 5.3228 0 Td (three )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.3843 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4362 0 Td (recipients: )Tj 5.2031 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (partner's )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (contact )Tj 3.893 0 Td (personnel, )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3481 Td (partner's )Tj 4.611 0 Td (other )Tj 2.9732 0 Td (functional )Tj 4.9827 0 Td (departments/teams )Tj 9.2913 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (partner's )Tj 4.611 0 Td (senior )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (management )Tj -34.4 -1.3417 Td (\()Tj 0 0 1 rg (Appendix)Tj 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0 -1.8898 Td (Accidental )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (leakage )Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.2393 0 Td (was )Tj 2.4945 0 Td (estimated )Tj 5.0709 0 Td (with )Tj 2.4882 0 Td (a )Tj 1.285 0 Td (two-item )Tj 4.4599 0 Td (composite )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (measure )Tj -36.3779 -1.3417 Td (\()Tj 0 0 1 rg (Appendix)Tj 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (developed )Tj 5.096 0 Td (by )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 1.4804 0 Td (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.8283 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (. )Tj 1.411 0 Td (\(2015\))Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (. )Tj 3.496 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0158 0 Td (two )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (items )Tj 2.7338 0 Td (focused )Tj 3.937 0 Td (on )Tj 1.474 0 Td (scenarios )Tj 4.6363 0 Td (where )Tj -37.537 -1.3417 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.5905 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (would )Tj 3.0678 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (leaked )Tj 3.3952 0 Td (accidentally: )Tj 6.0095 0 Td (leakages )Tj 4.4283 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2662 0 Td (external )Tj 3.9307 0 Td (partners )Tj -36.5417 -1.3418 Td (and )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (leakages )Tj 4.4598 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2158 0 Td (other )Tj 2.7086 0 Td (situations. )Tj 4.8819 0 Td (The )Tj 2.104 0 Td (first )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (item )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (referred )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (to )Tj 1.285 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (typical )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (situation )Tj 4.1196 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2221 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.1354 0 Td (interface, )Tj 4.5669 0 Td (where )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (it )Tj 0.9575 0 Td (could )Tj 2.9228 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (pinpointed )Tj 5.178 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.285 0 Td (was )Tj 2.2237 0 Td (leaked )Tj 3.4204 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.348 Td (external )Tj 3.9181 0 Td (partners. )Tj 4.3716 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0599 0 Td (second )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (item )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (covered )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9764 0 Td (range )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (of )Tj 1.241 0 Td (other )Tj 2.6708 0 Td (situations )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (where )Tj 3.0993 0 Td (business- )Tj -35.9433 -1.3418 Td (critical )Tj 3.3889 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3355 0 Td (might )Tj 2.9795 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (leaked, )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (such )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5496 0 Td (professional )Tj 5.8709 0 Td (fairs )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (or )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (exhibitions. )Tj 5.4803 0 Td (As )Tj 1.663 0 Td (such )Tj -38.0787 -1.3417 Td (situations )Tj 4.548 0 Td (could )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (take )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (many )Tj 2.8095 0 Td (different )Tj 4.0189 0 Td (forms, )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6567 0 Td (expected )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (that )Tj 2.041 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (measurement, )Tj 6.7024 0 Td (together )Tj -36.5417 -1.3417 Td (with )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (first )Tj 1.9023 0 Td (item, )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (would )Tj 2.9418 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.6598 0 Td (enough )Tj 3.6599 0 Td (simplicity )Tj 4.4094 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (capture )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (core )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6818 0 Td (phenomenon )Tj -34.4125 -1.3417 Td (\(as )Tj 1.6188 0 Td (suggested )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (by )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 1.3544 0 Td (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7023 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj /F3 1 Tf -13.285 -1.8898 Td (Control )Tj 3.6283 0 Td (variables )Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.4472 0 Td (were )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (also )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (included )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (to )Tj 1.285 0 Td (ensure )Tj 3.4646 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1039 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (explanations )Tj 6.0347 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (dependent )Tj -35.3826 -1.3417 Td (variable, )Tj 4.2708 0 Td (as )Tj 1.537 0 Td (well )Tj 2.1796 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8645 0 Td (demographic )Tj 6.4252 0 Td (differences )Tj 5.4236 0 Td (among )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (sampled )Tj 4.3401 0 Td (firms, )Tj 2.9166 0 Td (would )Tj 3.1244 0 Td (be )Tj -39.0614 -1.3481 Td (controlled )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (for. )Tj 1.7826 0 Td (Industry )Tj 3.9307 0 Td (dummies )Tj 4.4221 0 Td (were )Tj 2.4945 0 Td (included )Tj 4.189 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (all )Tj 1.3292 0 Td (models, )Tj 3.874 0 Td (categorized )Tj 5.6189 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (basis )Tj 2.7212 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (the )Tj 1.8204 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (categories )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (used )Tj 2.652 0 Td (by )Tj 1.5496 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (Federation )Tj 5.1528 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.5591 0 Td (Technology )Tj 5.5874 0 Td (Industries. )Tj 5.0583 0 Td (These )Tj -37.537 -1.3417 Td (comprised )Tj 5.0204 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (manufacturing )Tj 6.652 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (mechanical )Tj 5.3796 0 Td (engineering )Tj 5.5496 0 Td (\(used )Tj 2.8283 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (benchmark )Tj 5.2914 0 Td (dummy\) )Tj -36.5858 -1.3418 Td (industry, )Tj 4.2708 0 Td (electronics )Tj 5.2851 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (electro-technical )Tj 7.7921 0 Td (industry, )Tj 4.2709 0 Td (information )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (technology )Tj 5.3543 0 Td (industry )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3417 Td (consulting )Tj 4.97 0 Td (engineering )Tj 5.6882 0 Td (industry. )Tj 4.2142 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (size, )Tj 2.463 0 Td (age )Tj 2.1355 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (intensity )Tj 4.0441 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5701 0 Td (were )Tj 2.57 0 Td (also )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 48.0188 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5031 0 Td ("""2 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 77.6125 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 83.3952 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 217 0 obj 15341 endobj 231 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (controlled )Tj 4.8944 0 Td (for, )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (as )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (these )Tj 2.9354 0 Td (factors )Tj 3.5339 0 Td (could )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (affect )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9953 0 Td (output )Tj 3.326 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (the )Tj 1.896 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.652 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.8645 -1.3669 Td (resources )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (for )Tj 1.474 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0897 0 Td (several )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (ways )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Chandy )Tj 4.1071 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (Tellis, )Tj 2.8284 0 Td (2000)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (Firm )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (size )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (age )Tj -38.5133 -1.3606 Td (were )Tj 2.5889 0 Td (measured )Tj 4.9008 0 Td (by )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (total )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (sales )Tj 2.7528 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (each )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (company )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8268 0 Td (number )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2788 0 Td (years )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (since )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (its )Tj -39.2314 -1.3669 Td (establishment, )Tj 6.7779 0 Td (respectively. )Tj 5.9528 0 Td (These )Tj 3.0551 0 Td (details )Tj 3.2693 0 Td (were )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (collected )Tj 4.4094 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3496 0 Td (publicly )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (available )Tj 4.3024 0 Td (sources. )Tj -36.4409 -1.3607 Td (The )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (respondents )Tj 5.8772 0 Td (assessed )Tj 4.5543 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (intensity )Tj 3.937 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (percentage )Tj 5.4299 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (expenses )Tj 4.611 0 Td (relative )Tj -37.0582 -1.3606 Td (to )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (sales )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2599 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8015 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.0788 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (2009. )Tj 2.8977 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (cases )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2536 0 Td (missing )Tj 3.8362 0 Td (information )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (regard, )Tj 3.6788 0 Td (an )Tj -39.1244 -1.3669 Td (industry-specific )Tj 7.5968 0 Td (median )Tj 3.6032 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6645 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0725 0 Td (used. )Tj 2.7905 0 Td (To )Tj 1.411 0 Td (ensure )Tj 3.326 0 Td (sufficient )Tj 4.252 0 Td (normality )Tj 4.3086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (distributions )Tj -34.8535 -1.3607 Td (of )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (control )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (variables, )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (logarithm )Tj 4.3528 0 Td (transformation )Tj 6.5449 0 Td (was )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (conducted )Tj 5.0142 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4047 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (intensity )Tj 3.8552 0 Td (variable. )Tj -35.9055 -1.8897 Td (As )Tj 1.6314 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8394 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.3764 0 Td (data )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (were )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (collected )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (single )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (informant )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (representing )Tj 6.0598 0 Td (each )Tj 2.6583 0 Td (firm, )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (this )Tj -38.6834 -1.3607 Td (presented )Tj 5.1086 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.3842 0 Td (problem )Tj 4.2898 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (common )Tj 4.4535 0 Td (method )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (variance. )Tj 4.6552 0 Td (We )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (tested )Tj 3.3575 0 Td (this )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (using )Tj -37.8078 -1.3669 Td (Harman's )Tj 4.4724 0 Td (one-factor )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (test )Tj 1.852 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Podsakoff )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.9889 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (2003)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0488 0 Td (All )Tj 1.3481 0 Td (continuous )Tj 5.0645 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.252 0 Td (were )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (inserted )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (into )Tj -38.633 -1.3606 Td (the )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (exploratory )Tj 5.3355 0 Td (factor )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (analysis, )Tj 4.2331 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (unrotated )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (factor )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (solution )Tj 3.7859 0 Td (showed )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (largest )Tj -37.2031 -1.3606 Td (factor )Tj 2.8094 0 Td (accounted )Tj 5.0016 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (46 )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (per )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (cent )Tj 2.2047 0 Td (of )Tj 1.115 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (variance. )Tj 4.3338 0 Td (However, )Tj 4.4536 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (factor )Tj 2.8094 0 Td (consisted )Tj 4.5606 0 Td (only )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (one )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3889 -1.367 Td (the )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (three )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (items )Tj 2.7087 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8488 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1717 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1149 0 Td (line )Tj 1.8772 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0976 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (conceptual )Tj 5.2725 0 Td (rationale )Tj 4.1133 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3606 Td (measure. )Tj 4.3905 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.6835 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5433 0 Td (expect )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (common )Tj 4.1197 0 Td (method )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (variance )Tj 4.044 0 Td (would )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8252 0 Td (major )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (concern )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0677 -1.3669 Td (this )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (study. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 503.49 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (,# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td ( )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 486.482 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7385 0 Td (utilized )Tj 3.4205 0 Td (PLS)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc ()Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc (SEM )Tj 4.6173 0 Td (technique, )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (using )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (SmartPLS )Tj 4.6614 0 Td (version )Tj 3.4772 0 Td (3.0 )Tj 1.6818 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (analyze )Tj 3.6976 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (results. )Tj 3.4835 0 Td (Similar )Tj -37.2661 -1.3606 Td (to )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (any )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (SEM )Tj 2.3055 0 Td (method, )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (PLS )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (helps )Tj 2.6645 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (analyze )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (structural )Tj 4.3591 0 Td (measurement )Tj 6.2866 0 Td (models )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (and )Tj 1.959 0 Td (related )Tj 3.326 0 Td (parts )Tj -37.9653 -1.3606 Td (and )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (also )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.315 0 Td (factor )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (loadings )Tj 4.2582 0 Td (similar )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2977 0 Td (principal )Tj 4.3023 0 Td (component )Tj 5.4677 0 Td (analysis )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Sosik )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1685 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2977 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj -38.9039 -1.3669 Td (2009)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2692 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.8851 0 Td (PLS )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (allows )Tj 3.2063 0 Td (us )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (examine )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (both )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (validity )Tj 3.5401 0 Td (of )Tj 1.304 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8519 0 Td (research )Tj 4.3591 0 Td (model )Tj 3.2189 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3607 Td (analyze )Tj 3.748 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.4031 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (terms )Tj 2.8283 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (hypothesized )Tj 6.274 0 Td (relationships )Tj 5.9339 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (their )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (significance. )Tj -34.6456 -1.3669 Td (PLS )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (has )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (several )Tj 3.5213 0 Td (particular )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.8615 0 Td (over )Tj 2.274 0 Td (other )Tj 2.6015 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.126 0 Td (structural )Tj 4.4536 0 Td (modeling )Tj 4.4724 0 Td (methods )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hair )Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.0913 -1.3606 Td (et )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.074 0 Td (First, )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (it )Tj 0.7748 0 Td (allows )Tj 3.0111 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (examining )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (non-normal )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (distributions, )Tj 5.9213 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3291 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4582 -1.3607 Td (the )Tj 1.6881 0 Td (case )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1465 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7386 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (performance )Tj 5.9653 0 Td (measures. )Tj 4.926 0 Td (Second, )Tj 4 0 Td (PLS )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (works )Tj 2.8976 0 Td (well )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4678 0 Td (path )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (model )Tj -37.474 -1.3669 Td (estimations )Tj 5.2409 0 Td (also )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4111 0 Td (sufficiently )Tj 4.9007 0 Td (small )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (sample )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (sizes )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (relative )Tj 3.4268 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (research )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0047 0 Td (complexity )Tj -35.4519 -1.3606 Td (\(in )Tj 1.3354 0 Td (this )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (case, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.6582 0 Td (n )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.8 0 Td (= )Tj 0.9008 0 Td (150\). )Tj 0 0 1 rg -7.4708 -1.8898 Td (Appendix )Tj 0 0 0 1 k 4.8188 0 Td (shows )Tj 3.326 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (factor )Tj 3.0488 0 Td (loadings, )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (average )Tj 4.1449 0 Td (variance )Tj 4.2961 0 Td (extracted )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (\(AVE\) )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (construct )Tj -36.1133 -1.3606 Td (reliability )Tj 4.3968 0 Td (\(CR\) )Tj 2.5638 0 Td (scores )Tj 3.4897 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (two )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (multi-item )Tj 4.8 0 Td (constructs )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (used )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (this )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (study )Tj 2.9544 0 Td (\(knowledge )Tj -35.0677 -1.3669 Td (sharing )Tj 3.685 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.989 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2284 0 Td (leakage\). )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (factor )Tj 2.9229 0 Td (loadings )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (all )Tj 1.3733 0 Td (highly )Tj -37.5937 -1.3607 Td (significant, )Tj 5.285 0 Td (supporting )Tj 5.3039 0 Td (their )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (relationships )Tj 6.0977 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (the )Tj 1.896 0 Td (specific )Tj 3.9748 0 Td (constructs. )Tj 5.4048 0 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 6.1669 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3606 Td (construct )Tj 4.3653 0 Td (reliabilities )Tj 4.8882 0 Td (demonstrate )Tj 5.8079 0 Td (high )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (levels )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (reliability, )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0157 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (CR )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (values )Tj 3.1055 0 Td (well )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (above )Tj 3.0047 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3669 Td (threshold )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (0.7 )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Bagozzi )Tj 4.2394 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (Yi, )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (1991)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.137 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (AVE )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (scores )Tj 3.2945 0 Td (also )Tj 2.148 0 Td (exceeded )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (threshold )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3607 Td (0.50 )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Fornell )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0095 0 Td (Larcker, )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (1981)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (Altogether, )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5622 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (state )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (reliability )Tj 4.17 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0095 0 Td (validity )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3606 Td (measures )Tj 4.9826 0 Td (are )Tj 2.0788 0 Td (at )Tj 1.474 0 Td (a )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (satisfactory )Tj 5.6882 0 Td (level. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.9481 0 Td (Table )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (II )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1.2031 0 Td (reports )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (descriptive )Tj 5.5307 0 Td (statistics )Tj 4.4787 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3669 Td (correlations )Tj 5.4299 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (continuous )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.2897 0 Td (used )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (study. )Tj 2.9921 0 Td (In )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (addition, )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (it )Tj 0.7874 0 Td (allows )Tj 3.0236 0 Td (us )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (further )Tj -37.3732 -1.3606 Td (assess )Tj 3.5527 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (discriminant )Tj 5.8393 0 Td (validity )Tj 3.5465 0 Td (statistics )Tj 4.315 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (multi-item )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (constructs )Tj 5.0835 0 Td (\(knowledge )Tj -35.0677 -1.367 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.7811 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.0394 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (leakage\). )Tj 4.5544 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (this )Tj 1.978 0 Td (assessment, )Tj 5.9905 0 Td (we )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (examine )Tj -36.4976 -1.3606 Td (whether )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (square )Tj 3.4772 0 Td (roots )Tj 2.6016 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (AVEs )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (greater )Tj 3.5843 0 Td (than )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (correlation )Tj 5.0457 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2283 0 Td (these )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (constructs )Tj 5.0078 0 Td (to )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 61.2757 206.165 m 99.4178 206.165 l 99.4178 189.165 l 61.2757 189.165 l f* /C3 cs 0.55 scn 99.4178 206.165 m 423.276 206.165 l 423.276 189.165 l 99.4178 189.165 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 61.2757 190.115 m 423.276 190.115 l 423.276 93.2641 l 61.2757 93.2641 l f* /C4 cs 1 scn 206.399 170.265 m 65.2757 170.265 l 65.2757 171.265 l 206.399 171.265 l f* 231.843 170.265 m 206.399 170.265 l 206.399 171.265 l 231.843 171.265 l f* 261.691 170.265 m 231.843 170.265 l 231.843 171.265 l 261.691 171.265 l f* 293.5 170.265 m 261.691 170.265 l 261.691 171.265 l 293.5 171.265 l f* 325.31 170.265 m 293.5 170.265 l 293.5 171.265 l 325.31 171.265 l f* 357.12 170.265 m 325.31 170.265 l 325.31 171.265 l 357.12 171.265 l f* 382.783 170.265 m 357.12 170.265 l 357.12 171.265 l 382.783 171.265 l f* 403.824 170.265 m 382.783 170.265 l 382.783 171.265 l 403.824 171.265 l f* 419.276 170.265 m 403.824 170.265 l 403.824 171.265 l 419.276 171.265 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 61.2757 93.4639 m 423.276 93.4639 l 423.276 78.664 l 61.2757 78.664 l f* 1 g 9 0 0 9 65.2535 194.683 cm BT /F2 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj 2.8346 0 Td ()Tj /F0 1 Tf 1.2976 0 Td (+ )Tj 5.1591 0 Td ( )Tj 4.3338 0 Td (   )Tj 5.3922 0 Td (\r )Tj 1.8834 0 Td (\r\) )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (\r' )Tj 3.2756 0 Td (  )Tj 1.052 0 Td ( )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (\) )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 178.639 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Variable )Tj 17.6458 0 Td (Mean )Tj 4.0323 0 Td (SD )Tj 4.2378 0 Td (1 )Tj 3.9756 0 Td (2 )Tj 3.9827 0 Td (3 )Tj 3.5859 0 Td (4 )Tj 2.9197 0 Td (5 )Tj 2.6292 0 Td (6 )Tj /F4 1 Tf -43.009 -2.4307 Td (1. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (External )Tj 3.8126 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6921 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (sharing )Tj 8.2489 0 Td (2.83 )Tj 3.7347 0 Td (1.41 )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.3945 0 Td (0.93 )Tj /F4 1 Tf -25.3206 -1.2472 Td (2. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Acciden)Tj 3.6921 0 Td (tal )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7725 0 Td (leakage )Tj 7.0937 0 Td (2.49 )Tj 3.7347 0 Td (1.38 )Tj 3.3945 0 Td (0.35)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 283.294 152.787 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 299.622 149.216 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (0.96 )Tj /F4 1 Tf -29.2962 -1.2472 Td (3. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Increm)Tj 3.0898 0 Td (ental )Tj 2.374 0 Td (innova)Tj 2.9126 0 Td (tion )Tj 1.8213 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.1378 0 Td (e )Tj 1.2544 0 Td (25.62 )Tj 3.7276 0 Td (24.47 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.1819 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.16)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 283.294 142.753 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (* )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 293.499 139.238 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.04 )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 332.561 142.753 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (a )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 129.203 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (4. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Radical )Tj 3.5787 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.741 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.1379 0 Td (e )Tj 3.6779 0 Td (9.60 )Tj 3.1819 0 Td (15.98 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.182 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.12 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.2103 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.18)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 315.099 132.775 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 331.483 129.203 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (0.06 )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 358.243 132.775 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (a )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 119.225 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (5. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1472 0 Td (age )Tj 14.4427 0 Td (18.93 )Tj 3.7275 0 Td (14.51 )Tj 3.9473 0 Td (0.13 )Tj 3.9756 0 Td (0.15)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 315.099 122.797 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (* )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 325.304 119.225 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.04 )Tj 3.2032 0 Td (0.09 )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 383.868 122.797 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (a )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 109.191 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (6. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1472 0 Td (size )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (\(MEur\) )Tj 12.4584 0 Td (42.06 )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (174.07 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.7347 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.16)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 283.294 112.762 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (* )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 293.499 109.191 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.09 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.2103 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.00 )Tj 3.2032 0 Td (0.02 )Tj 3.2103 0 Td (0.03 )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 409.89 112.762 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (a )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 65.2535 99.2125 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (7. )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2606 0 Td (intensity )Tj 3.8693 0 Td (\(Ln\) )Tj 11.0056 0 Td (0.60 )Tj 3.7347 0 Td (2.20 )Tj /F6 1 Tf 2.6292 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7653 0 Td (0.06 )Tj 3.9756 0 Td (0.02 )Tj 3.9828 0 Td (0.23)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 346.904 102.784 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 357.109 99.2125 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (0.21)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 372.586 102.784 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 382.791 99.2125 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (0.08 )Tj 2.6291 0 Td (0.00 )Tj /F0 1 Tf -42.3215 -1.9346 Td (-  )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 90.1417 87.307 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (*)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 92.4661 83.7354 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (p )Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.8291 0 Td (<)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.9921 0 Td (0.1; )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 122.06 87.307 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (**)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 126.709 83.7354 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (p )Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.8291 0 Td (<)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.9921 0 Td (0.05; )Tj 2.4308 0 Td (\(two-tailed)Tj 4.6417 0 Td (\); )Tj 0.8362 0 Td (a )Tj 0.7654 0 Td (= )Tj 0.8788 0 Td (single-it)Tj 3.4724 0 Td (em )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (indicator )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td ("""3 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 230 0 obj 20208 endobj 253 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (others )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Fornell )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (Larcker, )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (1981)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1496 0 Td (This )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (condition )Tj 4.4032 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (fulfilled )Tj 3.4645 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (model, )Tj 3.3764 0 Td (as )Tj -39.1748 -1.3669 Td (shown )Tj 3.0929 0 Td (in )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 1.0078 0 Td (Table )Tj 2.715 0 Td (II )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 0.8 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (first )Tj 1.8331 0 Td (two )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (items )Tj 2.6078 0 Td (\(highlighted )Tj 5.4993 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (italics\). )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -24.3527 -1.8897 Td (Tables )Tj 3.2188 0 Td (II )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 0.8126 0 Td (reports )Tj 3.389 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (results )Tj 3.1622 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8126 0 Td (PLS )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (path )Tj 2.2426 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0047 0 Td (analyses )Tj 4.1449 0 Td (which )Tj 2.8283 0 Td (includes )Tj 3.9748 0 Td (all )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.2519 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0268 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.367 Td (same )Tj 2.822 0 Td (model: )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (control )Tj 3.4078 0 Td (variables, )Tj 4.6804 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (independent )Tj 6.0032 0 Td (variable )Tj 3.9055 0 Td (\(knowledge )Tj 5.5622 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6913 0 Td (openness\), )Tj -35.2818 -1.3669 Td (the )Tj 1.7952 0 Td (mediator )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (\(accidental )Tj 5.348 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2536 0 Td (leakage\) )Tj 4.2582 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1292 0 Td (two )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (dependent )Tj 5.2662 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.4157 0 Td (\(incremental )Tj -34.7527 -1.3669 Td (and )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4708 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9386 0 Td (performance\). )Tj 6.715 0 Td (This )Tj 2.274 0 Td (allows )Tj 3.1937 0 Td (us )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2914 0 Td (test )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (hypothesized )Tj 6.3874 0 Td (model )Tj 3.2126 0 Td (on )Tj -39.1244 -1.367 Td (radical )Tj 3.6598 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1339 0 Td (\()Tj /F3 1 Tf (H1)Tj /F4 1 Tf (\), )Tj 2.8472 0 Td (while )Tj 2.8913 0 Td (also )Tj 2.463 0 Td (testing )Tj 3.6158 0 Td (whether )Tj 4.1638 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (model )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (holds )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (for )Tj 1.8079 0 Td (incremental )Tj -35.0803 -1.3669 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (\()Tj /F3 1 Tf (H2)Tj /F4 1 Tf (\) )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (same )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (extent. )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.2819 0 Td (Table )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (III )Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1.1465 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.1638 0 Td (path )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (coefficient )Tj 4.8567 0 Td (estimates )Tj 4.5417 0 Td (along )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (with )Tj -38.4692 -1.3669 Td (their )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.2362 0 Td (t)Tj /F4 1 Tf (-values )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (each )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.5291 0 Td (path. )Tj 2.5827 0 Td (The )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (results )Tj 3.2315 0 Td (show )Tj 2.6267 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9717 0 Td (full )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (mediation )Tj 4.6551 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0331 0 Td (supported )Tj 4.8945 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0677 -1.3669 Td (radical )Tj 3.2755 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7433 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.1922 0 Td (Another )Tj 3.7165 0 Td (notable )Tj 3.5591 0 Td (result )Tj 2.6708 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9827 0 Td (that )Tj 1.915 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (fail )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (obtain )Tj 3.011 0 Td (similar )Tj 3.1055 0 Td (results )Tj -37.3165 -1.367 Td (for )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4929 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.2803 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (conclude )Tj 4.4598 0 Td (that )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0095 0 Td (H1 )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.6189 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (the )Tj 1.726 0 Td (mediating )Tj -35.8299 -1.3606 Td (model )Tj 3.0173 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9889 0 Td (supported )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0394 0 Td (terms )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7559 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.1922 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9213 0 Td (this )Tj 1.8078 0 Td (effect )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (is )Tj 0.989 0 Td (robust )Tj -37.4173 -1.3669 Td (in )Tj 1.1401 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8755 0 Td (does )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (appear )Tj 3.5654 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2094 0 Td (take )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (place )Tj 2.841 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1464 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8504 0 Td (context )Tj 3.6158 0 Td (\(supporting )Tj /F3 1 Tf -35.1118 -1.367 Td (H2)Tj /F4 1 Tf (\). )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 527.641 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (.# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td (+  )Tj 5.0513 0 Td (\r )Tj 1.8879 0 Td (\)  )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 510.69 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Sharing )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1968 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1229 0 Td (external )Tj 3.874 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.0504 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9197 0 Td (key )Tj 1.915 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.6708 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.0032 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (a )Tj -39.6661 -1.3669 Td (necessary )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (process )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4047 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (pursuing )Tj 4.1449 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0771 0 Td (reap )Tj 2.2867 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Trott )Tj 2.5511 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (Hartmann, )Tj -35.6094 -1.3669 Td (2009)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8787 0 Td (Tranekjer )Tj 4.5165 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1229 0 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (2012)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8787 0 Td (West )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (Bogers, )Tj 3.8803 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2126 0 Td (However, )Tj 4.5796 0 Td (several )Tj 3.5905 0 Td (studies )Tj -37.0393 -1.3669 Td (have )Tj 2.4503 0 Td (shown )Tj 3.1622 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9591 0 Td (excessive )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1402 0 Td (exchange )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (may )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (be )Tj 1.474 0 Td (unproductive )Tj 6.1166 0 Td (or )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (lead )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (negative )Tj -36.4409 -1.367 Td (consequences )Tj 7.0551 0 Td (because )Tj 4.3779 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3732 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.367 0 Td (redundancy, )Tj 6.1354 0 Td (spillovers )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (or )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (other )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (dark )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (sides )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3669 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7559 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.8078 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7464 0 Td (Hoecht )Tj 3.452 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (Trott)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (, )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.526 0 Td (1999, )Tj 2.7464 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7402 0 Td (Norman, )Tj 4.063 0 Td (2004)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7401 0 Td (Trott )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (and )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 172.276 431.174 m 212.92 431.174 l 212.92 414.174 l 172.276 414.174 l f* /C3 cs 0.55 scn 212.92 431.174 m 534.276 431.174 l 534.276 414.174 l 212.92 414.174 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 172.276 415.124 m 534.276 415.124 l 534.276 105.595 l 172.276 105.595 l f* /C4 cs 1 scn 454.8 385.274 m 176.276 385.274 l 176.276 386.274 l 454.8 386.274 l f* 506.434 385.274 m 454.8 385.274 l 454.8 386.274 l 506.434 386.274 l f* 530.275 385.274 m 506.434 385.274 l 506.434 386.274 l 530.275 386.274 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 172.276 105.795 m 534.276 105.795 l 534.276 90.9947 l 172.276 90.9947 l f* 1 g 9 0 0 9 176.258 419.698 cm BT /F2 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj 2.8346 0 Td ()Tj /F0 1 Tf 1.5748 0 Td ( )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (  )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (/ )Tj 2.1102 0 Td ( )Tj 2.1669 0 Td (\) \r )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 176.258 393.619 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (Path )Tj 36.1136 1.2472 Td (Path )Tj -1.2968 -1.2472 Td (coefficient )Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.4559 0 Td (t)Tj /F3 1 Tf (-value )Tj -41.2727 -2.4236 Td (Mediation )Tj 4.585 0 Td (model )Tj 2.9835 0 Td (paths )Tj 2.7071 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4072 0 Td (innova)Tj 2.9126 0 Td (tion )Tj 1.8212 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.1379 0 Td (e )Tj /F4 1 Tf -26.9364 -1.2543 Td (Uncontrolle)Tj 5.0669 0 Td (d )Tj 0.8362 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7489 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7724 0 Td (sharing )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.5292 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (incremen)Tj 4.1315 0 Td (tal )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (innovation )Tj /F6 1 Tf 10.3112 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.054 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (0.620 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2473 Td (Uncontrolle)Tj 5.0669 0 Td (d )Tj 0.8362 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7489 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7724 0 Td (sharing )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.5292 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.8544 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6921 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (leakage )Tj 6.5552 0 Td (0.350)Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 5.9998 0 0 5.3325 483.817 357.789 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 508.422 354.217 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (4.244 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2472 Td (Accidental )Tj 4.9677 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7724 0 Td (leakage )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.7489 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (increme)Tj 3.5788 0 Td (ntal )Tj 1.8212 0 Td (innovation )Tj /F6 1 Tf 14.7758 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.023 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (0.240 )Tj /F3 1 Tf -41.5207 -1.963 Td (Mediation )Tj 4.585 0 Td (model )Tj 2.9835 0 Td (paths )Tj 2.7071 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.741 0 Td (performan)Tj 4.5851 0 Td (ce )Tj /F4 1 Tf -24.2364 -1.2473 Td (Uncontrolle)Tj 5.0669 0 Td (d )Tj 0.8362 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7489 0 Td (knowledg)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7724 0 Td (sharing )Tj /F6 1 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0 0 5.3325 483.817 302.116 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 508.422 298.545 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.118 )Tj /F3 1 Tf -41.5207 -1.9559 Td (Paths )Tj 2.7141 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (control )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.252 0 Td (\(increm)Tj 3.3591 0 Td (ental )Tj 2.374 0 Td (innova)Tj 2.9127 0 Td (tion )Tj 1.8212 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.1379 0 Td (e\) )Tj /F4 1 Tf -27.2057 -1.2543 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (size )Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.9843 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (increme)Tj 3.5787 0 Td (ntal )Tj 1.8213 0 Td (innovation )Tj 25.2073 0 Td (0.008 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (0.076 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2473 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (age )Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.9347 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2118 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4071 0 Td (innova)Tj 2.9126 0 Td (tion )Tj /F6 1 Tf 21.5719 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.018 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (0.249 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2472 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (intensity )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.8622 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td 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226.431 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (** )Tj ET Q q /GS0 gs 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 508.422 222.86 cm BT /F4 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2.901 )Tj /F3 1 Tf -41.5207 -1.9559 Td (Paths )Tj 2.7141 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (control )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (variables )Tj 4.252 0 Td (\(radical )Tj 3.5788 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.741 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.1378 0 Td (e\) )Tj /F4 1 Tf -25.0584 -1.2472 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (size )Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.9843 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (innova)Tj 2.9126 0 Td (tion )Tj /F6 1 Tf 23.6695 0 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.7724 0 Td (0.041 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (0.288 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2544 Td (Firm )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (age )Tj /F6 1 Tf 1.9347 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2118 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (innovation )Tj 27.4112 0 Td (0.136 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (1.336 )Tj -41.5207 -1.2472 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (intensity )Tj /F6 1 Tf 3.8622 0 Td (!)Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.2189 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (innovation )Tj 25.3632 0 Td (0.125 )Tj 5.5559 0 Td (1.405 )Tj 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(innovation )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (tends )Tj 2.8284 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (lose )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (its )Tj -39.2314 -1.348 Td (value )Tj 2.7527 0 Td (if )Tj 0.9008 0 Td (it )Tj 0.9008 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1149 0 Td (diffused )Tj 3.9811 0 Td (too )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.2 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Li )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4929 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7197 0 Td (2008)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.2 0 Td (While )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (intuition )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (is )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (well-grounded, )Tj 7.0299 0 Td (we )Tj -38.9543 -1.348 Td (identified )Tj 4.5354 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0394 0 Td (clear )Tj 2.6708 0 Td (research )Tj 4.3654 0 Td (gap )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2535 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (current )Tj 3.6032 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.3086 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (lack )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (empirical )Tj -36.1763 -1.3418 Td (evidence )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (on )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (linkages )Tj 4.2457 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0 Td (mediated )Tj 4.5922 0 Td (through )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.0079 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2409 0 Td (leakage. )Tj 4.2016 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (same )Tj 2.8347 0 Td (mediating )Tj -35.8299 -1.3418 Td (effect )Tj 2.8031 0 Td (did )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (get )Tj 1.77 0 Td (support )Tj 3.7418 0 Td (in )Tj 1.096 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (case )Tj 2.4693 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4677 0 Td (innovations. )Tj 5.5748 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7007 0 Td (results )Tj 3.2315 0 Td (compel )Tj -36.9259 -1.348 Td (us )Tj 1.6566 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4426 0 Td (suggest )Tj 4.1952 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2615 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.7669 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4362 0 Td (should )Tj 3.578 0 Td (not )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (be )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.685 0 Td (too )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (openly )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (or )Tj -39.3385 -1.348 Td (uncritically )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (if )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9779 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.7402 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (specifically )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (pursuing )Tj 4.504 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.6157 0 Td (innovations. )Tj 5.852 0 Td (Rather, )Tj 3.7921 0 Td (more )Tj -37.9716 -1.3418 Td (selective )Tj 4.2771 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (focused )Tj 3.9622 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.222 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.685 0 Td (can )Tj 2.041 0 Td (ensure )Tj 3.4079 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.5528 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.222 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.348 Td (not )Tj 1.6818 0 Td (accidentally )Tj 5.6126 0 Td (leaked )Tj 3.2756 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (too )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (many )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (people )Tj 3.389 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0772 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (partner )Tj 3.496 0 Td (organization\(s\) )Tj 6.8725 0 Td (and )Tj 2.022 0 Td (eventually )Tj 4.737 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.348 Td (competitors. )Tj 5.7637 0 Td (These )Tj 2.967 0 Td (results )Tj 3.1811 0 Td (highlight )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8315 0 Td (striking )Tj 3.4582 0 Td (difference )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (between )Tj 4.0693 0 Td (how )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7559 0 Td (outcomes )Tj -35.8866 -1.3481 Td (are )Tj 1.6944 0 Td (affected )Tj 3.8993 0 Td (by )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.096 0 Td (leakage: )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4048 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7496 0 Td (does )Tj 2.4756 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (suffer )Tj 2.7401 0 Td (from )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3417 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (much, )Tj 3.0237 0 Td (whereas )Tj 4 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4299 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2756 0 Td (innovation, )Tj 5.0267 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (downsides )Tj 5.052 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (substantial. )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (While )Tj 2.6772 0 Td (not )Tj -38.8472 -1.348 Td (counter-intuitive, )Tj 7.937 0 Td (these )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (results )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (are )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (original )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (as )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (existing )Tj 4.0693 0 Td (research )Tj 4.5543 0 Td (has )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (provided )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (scant )Tj -37.8078 -1.3481 Td (empirical )Tj 4.4157 0 Td (evidence )Tj 4.4283 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (phenomenon. )Tj 6.4566 0 Td (We )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (therefore )Tj 4.315 0 Td (believe )Tj 3.5464 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (they )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (provide )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (important )Tj -36.0503 -1.348 Td (implications )Tj 5.6062 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5182 0 Td (research )Tj 4.2456 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0662 0 Td (managerial )Tj 5.285 0 Td (practice. )Tj 4.252 0 Td (We )Tj 1.789 0 Td (discuss )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (those )Tj 2.7779 0 Td (next )Tj 2.23 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0661 0 Td (outline )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (limitations )Tj 4.611 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (our )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (research )Tj 4.1323 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (suggest )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (future )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (research )Tj 4.1323 0 Td (directions. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 444.983 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (5.1 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Theoretical )Tj 5.1534 0 Td (implications )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 427.975 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.2457 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.0535 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9071 0 Td (has )Tj 2.022 0 Td (focused )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (heavily )Tj 3.4835 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (positive )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (aspects )Tj 3.9433 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.348 Td (external )Tj 4.044 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.2237 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3732 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 4.1071 0 Td (leaving )Tj 3.7165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.915 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.3213 0 Td (downsides )Tj 5.3165 0 Td (largely )Tj -37.2661 -1.348 Td (unexplored )Tj 5.3669 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Knudsen )Tj 4.6677 0 Td (and )Tj 2.085 0 Td (Mortensen, )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (2011)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (Especially, )Tj 5.1464 0 Td (research )Tj 4.2709 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2095 0 Td (leakage )Tj -36.7181 -1.348 Td (still )Tj 1.8204 0 Td (appears )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5748 0 Td (at )Tj 1.2346 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9638 0 Td (nascent )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (stage )Tj 2.885 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (development )Tj 6.1732 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Ahmad )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.9307 0 Td (et )Tj 1.241 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.7259 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8725 0 Td (Durst )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7716 0 Td (et )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj -38.9039 -1.3418 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.0551 0 Td (Our )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (study )Tj 2.6835 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.1071 0 Td (evidence )Tj 4.3086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (these )Tj 2.6709 0 Td (downsides, )Tj 5.3102 0 Td (especially )Tj 4.6866 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0268 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.263 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.348 Td (context. )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (While )Tj 2.696 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.1134 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8835 0 Td (indeed )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (noted )Tj 2.822 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (existence )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (of )Tj 1.115 0 Td (potential )Tj 4.0693 0 Td (disadvantages )Tj 6.822 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.348 Td (risks )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Dahlander )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (Gann, )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7213 0 Td (Laursen )Tj 3.8173 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.0552 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7275 0 Td (Trott )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (Hartmann, )Tj 4.863 0 Td (2009)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.0551 0 Td (our )Tj -38.7968 -1.3481 Td (study )Tj 2.8409 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9637 0 Td (new, )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (more )Tj 2.6709 0 Td (comprehensive )Tj 7.2063 0 Td (understanding )Tj 6.8346 0 Td (of )Tj 1.241 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (important )Tj 4.5858 0 Td (issue )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (of )Tj 1.241 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (specific )Tj 4.0188 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.5953 0 Td (related )Tj 3.6347 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (nature )Tj 3.3637 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3922 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (individual-level )Tj 7.1118 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3985 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (process )Tj -36.6551 -1.348 Td (\(uncontrolled )Tj 6.0913 0 Td (vs )Tj 1.2976 0 Td (selective\) )Tj 4.5103 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0094 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (resulting )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (unintentional )Tj 5.8646 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1275 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8047 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9528 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (take )Tj -38.3559 -1.3481 Td (place )Tj 2.7905 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj 4.2078 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1465 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6157 0 Td (contexts. )Tj 4.3276 0 Td (Thus, )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7511 0 Td (results )Tj 3.2252 0 Td (complement )Tj 5.8142 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (literature )Tj -36.3968 -1.348 Td (that )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (recognized )Tj 5.2787 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (need )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (control )Tj 3.3008 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (manage )Tj 3.9245 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (flows )Tj 2.5449 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (achieve )Tj 3.811 0 Td (positive )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8441 0 Td (outcomes )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1118 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.8283 0 Td (Henkel, )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1623 0 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 6.0094 0 Td (our )Tj -38.7968 -1.3481 Td (focus )Tj 2.822 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6976 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2347 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7591 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.0881 0 Td (has )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (enabled )Tj 4.0315 0 Td (us )Tj 1.4551 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (contribute )Tj 4.844 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.348 Td (limited )Tj 3.1937 0 Td (yet )Tj 1.6188 0 Td (growing )Tj 3.8615 0 Td (discussion )Tj 5.0015 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3922 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (provider's )Tj 4.6803 0 Td (side )Tj 2.1607 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.9213 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.348 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Tranekjer )Tj 4.6677 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.4725 0 Td (2012)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -11.0929 -1.8835 Td (Our )Tj 2.1417 0 Td (results )Tj 3.389 0 Td (also )Tj 2.2929 0 Td (contribute )Tj 4.926 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (emerging )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.3086 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (within )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.348 Td (broader )Tj 4.1322 0 Td (body )Tj 2.8725 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (research )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (on )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (inter-organizational )Tj 9.0205 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (sharing. )Tj 4.1764 0 Td (Recent )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (studies )Tj -37.0393 -1.3481 Td (examining )Tj 4.8062 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0835 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7606 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0268 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.8835 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2992 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7371 0 Td (context )Tj 3.4897 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Frishammar )Tj /F3 1 Tf -34.6834 -1.348 Td (et )Tj 1.1023 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7402 0 Td (Ritala )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7338 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 2.7905 0 Td (have )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (shown )Tj 3.1308 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9212 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7795 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9213 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (detrimental )Tj 5.2031 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (a )Tj -39.6661 -1.3417 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7527 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8693 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.3181 0 Td (Our )Tj 2.0473 0 Td (study )Tj 2.822 0 Td (complements )Tj 6.3748 0 Td (these )Tj 2.8032 0 Td (insights )Tj 3.7921 0 Td (by )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (offering )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9449 0 Td (more )Tj -37.9653 -1.348 Td (nuanced )Tj 4.1826 0 Td (understanding )Tj 6.715 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (phenomenon )Tj 6.104 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0582 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3008 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7748 0 Td (context, )Tj 3.8048 0 Td (especially )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (by )Tj -39.1118 -1.3481 Td (underlining )Tj 5.2787 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (role )Tj 1.9968 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (employee )Tj 4.6929 0 Td (decisions )Tj 4.5732 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (what )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1842 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (share )Tj 2.822 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0662 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (whom )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.348 Td (share )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (it. )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (Our )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (results )Tj 3.515 0 Td (support )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (understanding )Tj 7.0299 0 Td (employee )Tj 4.9449 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.4472 0 Td (is )Tj 1.3229 0 Td (important )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0677 -1.3417 Td (examining )Tj 4.9763 0 Td (why )Tj 2.1922 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.5842 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2598 0 Td (leaks )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1354 0 Td (how )Tj 2.2426 0 Td (it )Tj 0.9259 0 Td (can )Tj 2.0725 0 Td (be )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (protected )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Baughn )Tj /F3 1 Tf -36.4346 -1.3481 Td (et )Tj 1.1149 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6 0 Td (1997)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7591 0 Td (Hannah )Tj 3.7354 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (Robertson, )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\); )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (accordingly, )Tj 5.7638 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (results )Tj 3.1874 0 Td (respond )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (to )Tj 1.115 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (calls )Tj 2.3055 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0677 -1.348 Td (research )Tj 4.2141 0 Td (into )Tj 1.915 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (roles )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (of )Tj 1.159 0 Td (individuals )Tj 5.0331 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (the )Tj 1.707 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1528 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.622 0 Td (interface )Tj 4.1512 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Foss )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7465 0 Td (et )Tj 1.159 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (2010)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg -37.7574 -1.348 Td (Ghosn )Tj 3.1937 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (Rosenkopf, )Tj 5.2787 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7465 0 Td (Salter )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7969 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1086 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.074 0 Td (For )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (instance, )Tj 4.2709 0 Td (research )Tj 4.1638 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8708 0 Td (shown )Tj 3.1307 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9276 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3418 Td (employees' )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (acknowledgment )Tj 7.9055 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0535 0 Td (willingness )Tj 5.1465 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1716 0 Td (follow )Tj 2.8599 0 Td (guidance )Tj 4.5039 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4425 0 Td (these )Tj 2.7591 0 Td (issues )Tj 3.137 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (vary )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td ("""5 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 277 0 obj 17365 endobj 306 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Olander )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, )Tj 10.8977 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.2441 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (they )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (might )Tj 2.9291 0 Td (bend )Tj 2.7654 0 Td (rules )Tj 2.589 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8267 0 Td (sake )Tj 2.5449 0 Td (of )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (good )Tj 2.7968 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.1669 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Hannah )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (Robertson, )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (2015)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.2755 0 Td (which )Tj 3.0552 0 Td (could )Tj 2.948 0 Td (have )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (critical )Tj 3.37 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.4457 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4519 -1.3417 Td (terms )Tj 2.885 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2346 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.9118 0 Td (if )Tj 0.9071 0 Td (they )Tj 2.274 0 Td (do )Tj 1.5686 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7826 0 Td (use )Tj 2.0032 0 Td (good )Tj 2.7212 0 Td (judgment. )Tj 4.863 0 Td (As )Tj 1.5685 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (have )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (shown, )Tj 3.5339 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9401 0 Td (problem )Tj 4.0945 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3417 Td (especially )Tj 4.6677 0 Td (relevant )Tj 3.748 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3984 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (pursuing )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (innovations. )Tj -19.5905 -1.8898 Td (Second, )Tj 3.9685 0 Td (our )Tj 1.7133 0 Td (study )Tj 2.715 0 Td (contributes )Tj 5.222 0 Td (to )Tj 1.115 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.1071 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3858 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 6.6457 0 Td (in )Tj 1.052 0 Td (alliances )Tj 4.1574 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3417 Td (networks )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Dhanaraj )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (Parkhe, )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (2006)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7843 0 Td (Laursen )Tj 3.874 0 Td (and )Tj 2.022 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.1119 0 Td (2014)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (Our )Tj 1.9716 0 Td (results )Tj 3.2189 0 Td (demonstrate )Tj -34.6771 -1.3418 Td (how )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (novel )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.096 0 Td (combinations )Tj 6.1859 0 Td (lose )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (their )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (if )Tj 0.7622 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0961 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9826 0 Td (spread )Tj 3.4079 0 Td (too )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (widely )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0331 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (collaborative )Tj 6.0976 0 Td (interface. )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (The )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (more )Tj 2.7275 0 Td (complex )Tj 4.2583 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (networked )Tj 5.0835 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8456 0 Td (context )Tj 3.704 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.3417 Td (activities )Tj 4.1385 0 Td (is, )Tj 1.3103 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (more )Tj 2.57 0 Td (care )Tj 2.293 0 Td (must )Tj 2.4692 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4741 0 Td (exercised )Tj 4.6488 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (process )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6094 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1465 0 Td (related )Tj -37.1527 -1.3418 Td (to )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (ensure )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (appropriability )Tj 6.6016 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (related )Tj 3.3134 0 Td (value. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 578.608 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (5.2 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Practical )Tj 4.0479 0 Td (implications )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 561.6 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Our )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (analysis )Tj 3.8425 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.1386 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8441 0 Td (set )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1213 0 Td (implications )Tj 5.537 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (managers )Tj 4.737 0 Td (working )Tj 3.748 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (companies )Tj 5.1716 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9402 0 Td (pursue )Tj -37.1464 -1.3417 Td (both )Tj 2.5196 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2425 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.6693 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0142 0 Td (goals. )Tj 3.2252 0 Td (The )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (key )Tj 2.0724 0 Td (finding )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (innovation )Tj -35.7417 -1.3417 Td (performance )Tj 5.9464 0 Td (suffers )Tj 3.263 0 Td (when )Tj 2.652 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.1212 0 Td (accidentally )Tj 5.6 0 Td (leak )Tj 2.104 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.4519 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1213 0 Td (should )Tj -37.2598 -1.3417 Td (be )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (taken )Tj 2.6771 0 Td (seriously. )Tj 4.4095 0 Td (While )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0897 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5465 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9701 0 Td (needed )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (partnerships )Tj 5.8016 0 Td (to )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (work, )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (an )Tj -39.1244 -1.3418 Td (excessively )Tj 5.4425 0 Td (open )Tj 2.6141 0 Td (approach )Tj 4.6426 0 Td (may )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (become )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (counterproductive )Tj 8.4094 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (an )Tj 1.4552 0 Td (organization )Tj 5.7763 0 Td (aiming )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (reap )Tj 2.4062 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7512 0 Td (advantages )Tj 5.5937 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (its )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3827 0 Td (ideas. )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2032 0 Td (this )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (regard, )Tj 3.6221 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (found )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (when )Tj 2.7276 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.5197 0 Td (do )Tj 1.537 0 Td (not )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (control )Tj 3.5023 0 Td (well )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3228 0 Td (they )Tj 2.3622 0 Td (share )Tj 2.9607 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (external )Tj 4 0 Td (collaborations, )Tj 6.9417 0 Td (it )Tj 0.989 0 Td (leads )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3228 0 Td (accidental )Tj -35.6283 -1.3418 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1023 0 Td (leakage. )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.7685 0 Td (effective )Tj 4 0 Td (contractual )Tj 5.1969 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (relational )Tj 4.252 0 Td (practices )Tj 4.3842 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (required )Tj 4.0063 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4582 -1.3417 Td (firms )Tj 2.6519 0 Td (participating )Tj 6.0347 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2724 0 Td (external )Tj 4.0063 0 Td (collaborations )Tj 6.6835 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3354 0 Td (ensure )Tj 3.515 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (employees )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (exercise )Tj 4.2268 0 Td (careful )Tj -37.2157 -1.3417 Td (judgment )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (when )Tj 2.9039 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3732 0 Td (with )Tj 2.293 0 Td (partners. )Tj 4.4976 0 Td (At )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (level, )Tj 2.841 0 Td (these )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (practices )Tj 4.6551 0 Td (might )Tj -37.7448 -1.3418 Td (include )Tj 4.0377 0 Td (non-disclosure )Tj 7.326 0 Td (agreements, )Tj 6.3559 0 Td (patents )Tj 4.1134 0 Td (and )Tj 2.5197 0 Td (other )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (intellectual )Tj 5.4992 0 Td (property )Tj 4.5544 0 Td (rights, )Tj -37.474 -1.3417 Td (guidelines )Tj 5.0834 0 Td (for )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2551 0 Td (protecting )Tj 5.0457 0 Td (proprietary )Tj 5.3732 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3733 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (technical )Tj 4.5354 0 Td (barriers )Tj 3.9433 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3417 Td (exclude )Tj 3.9559 0 Td (some )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (parts )Tj 2.7024 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.452 0 Td (innovation-related )Tj 8.3149 0 Td (knowledge. )Tj 5.5496 0 Td (In )Tj 1.2788 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8204 0 Td (partnership )Tj 5.493 0 Td (context, )Tj -36.7118 -1.3418 Td (useful )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (practices )Tj 4.4409 0 Td (include )Tj 3.5591 0 Td (alliance )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (contracts )Tj 4.441 0 Td (\(related )Tj 3.7291 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1591 0 Td (what )Tj 2.4188 0 Td (intellectual )Tj 5.0142 0 Td (property )Tj 4.0693 0 Td (belongs )Tj 3.8992 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3889 -1.3417 Td (whom\), )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (joint )Tj 2.3118 0 Td (principles )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (for )Tj 1.663 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (among )Tj 3.5906 0 Td (contact )Tj 3.7984 0 Td (persons )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2173 0 Td (clear )Tj 2.6961 0 Td (rules )Tj -38.085 -1.3417 Td (regarding )Tj 4.5795 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (type )Tj 2.1732 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8961 0 Td (should )Tj 3.2 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4047 0 Td (communicated. )Tj -22.633 -1.8898 Td (On )Tj 1.5811 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6314 0 Td (other )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (hand, )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6142 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.2283 0 Td (are )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (being )Tj 2.7843 0 Td (developed )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (within )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8063 0 Td (firm, )Tj 2.1795 0 Td (sharing )Tj -36.9322 -1.3417 Td (some )Tj 2.8661 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2724 0 Td (about )Tj 2.9796 0 Td (these )Tj 2.8598 0 Td (innovations )Tj 5.4173 0 Td (might )Tj 2.9292 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8204 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (too )Tj 1.8205 0 Td (harmful. )Tj 4.0126 0 Td (Indeed, )Tj 3.8614 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (results )Tj -37.3165 -1.3418 Td (suggest )Tj 4.0566 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1292 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.6267 0 Td (need )Tj 2.7339 0 Td (not )Tj 1.852 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (overly )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (worried )Tj 3.7669 0 Td (of )Tj 1.304 0 Td (accidental )Tj 5.0771 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.304 0 Td (leakage, )Tj 4.2646 0 Td (as )Tj -39.1748 -1.3417 Td (individual )Tj 4.5669 0 Td (revelations )Tj 5.1149 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1843 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.4992 0 Td (developments )Tj 6.6205 0 Td (do )Tj 1.5181 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (carry )Tj 2.6078 0 Td (such )Tj 2.5008 0 Td (risk )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (exposing )Tj 4.4221 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3417 Td (best-kept )Tj 4.97 0 Td (in-house )Tj 4.567 0 Td (secrets. )Tj 4.3023 0 Td (However, )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (for )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (incremental )Tj 5.9275 0 Td (innovation, )Tj 5.5433 0 Td (fully )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj -34.7527 -1.3418 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1653 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6221 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (likely )Tj 2.5197 0 Td (not )Tj 1.7071 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1653 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4993 0 Td (optimal )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (either. )Tj 3.074 0 Td (Therefore, )Tj 4.8189 0 Td (managers )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (could )Tj 2.8032 0 Td (determine )Tj -35.7795 -1.3417 Td (the )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (means )Tj 3.4961 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6945 0 Td (exercising )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (suitable )Tj 3.9811 0 Td (level )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3606 0 Td (control )Tj 3.5402 0 Td (that )Tj 2.1858 0 Td (provides )Tj 4.3779 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (best )Tj 2.463 0 Td (results )Tj 3.4394 0 Td (for )Tj -39.0677 -1.3417 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8818 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.337 0 Td (depending )Tj 5.241 0 Td (on )Tj 1.5055 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (radicalness )Tj 5.4929 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2409 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8882 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7764 0 Td (distinct )Tj -37.0393 -1.3418 Td (features )Tj 4.2897 0 Td (of )Tj 1.5559 0 Td (that )Tj 2.3748 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.2032 0 Td (\(e.g. )Tj 2.7653 0 Td (are )Tj 2.1544 0 Td (some )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (ideas )Tj 3.1433 0 Td (especially )Tj 5.1527 0 Td (vulnerable )Tj 5.3166 0 Td (for )Tj 1.8834 0 Td (outside )Tj -36.9826 -1.3417 Td (exposure?\). )Tj 0 -1.8898 Td (Finally, )Tj 3.4141 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1276 0 Td (some )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (cases, )Tj 3.2756 0 Td (selective )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (revealing )Tj 4.7874 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1906 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1055 0 Td (et )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (al)Tj /F4 1 Tf (., )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\) )Tj 2.8787 0 Td (could )Tj 2.8284 0 Td (even )Tj -38.0787 -1.3417 Td (generate )Tj 4.296 0 Td (positive )Tj 3.748 0 Td (outcomes. )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (Firms )Tj 2.7654 0 Td (should )Tj 3.3071 0 Td (consider )Tj 4.1826 0 Td (which )Tj 2.9229 0 Td (elements )Tj 4.3464 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (their )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (are )Tj -38.7968 -1.3417 Td (such )Tj 2.4629 0 Td (that )Tj 1.978 0 Td (they )Tj 2.1921 0 Td (could )Tj 2.7906 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (revealed )Tj 4.1575 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1527 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.0095 0 Td (partners )Tj 4 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0346 0 Td (more )Tj 2.5764 0 Td (broadly )Tj 3.6787 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0898 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8756 0 Td (way )Tj 2.085 0 Td (that )Tj -38.57 -1.3417 Td (provides )Tj 4.3212 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (the )Tj 1.852 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.4063 0 Td (Those )Tj 3.1685 0 Td (benefits )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (might )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (include )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (increasing )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (reciprocity )Tj 5.1276 0 Td (from )Tj -38.2362 -1.3418 Td (external )Tj 4.0818 0 Td (parties )Tj 3.5969 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2236 0 Td (enable )Tj 3.5969 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4047 0 Td (develop )Tj 4.1512 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0583 0 Td (further, )Tj 3.7039 0 Td (as )Tj 1.6252 0 Td (well )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (as )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (brand )Tj 3.2189 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3417 Td (reputation )Tj 4.8188 0 Td (benefits, )Tj 4.1701 0 Td (as )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (information )Tj 5.2473 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3685 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8567 0 Td (is )Tj 1.096 0 Td (disseminated )Tj 6.3055 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1465 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (markets )Tj -36.7055 -1.3417 Td (and )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (among )Tj 3.3197 0 Td (prospective )Tj 5.4551 0 Td (customers. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 137.027 cm BT /F9 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (5.3 )Tj 1.6043 0 Td (Limitations )Tj 4.989 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8765 0 Td (future )Tj 2.7723 0 Td (research )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 120.019 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Our )Tj 1.9149 0 Td (study )Tj 2.6898 0 Td (has )Tj 1.8582 0 Td (several )Tj 3.4331 0 Td (limitations )Tj 4.6299 0 Td (that )Tj 1.915 0 Td (should )Tj 3.2252 0 Td (be )Tj 1.4236 0 Td (accounted )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4173 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6205 0 Td (interpreting )Tj 5.3039 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (results. )Tj -37.0456 -1.3417 Td (We )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (focused )Tj 3.8552 0 Td (explicitly )Tj 4.1133 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3859 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.9401 0 Td (possessing )Tj 5.3354 0 Td (the )Tj 1.663 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.115 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9969 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2787 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.3291 0 Td (knowledge )Tj -35.3952 -1.3417 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5338 0 Td (behavior; )Tj 4.3528 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (did )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (not )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (consider )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6189 0 Td (complexity )Tj 5.0141 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0709 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.8772 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (beyond )Tj 3.5968 0 Td (this )Tj -38.6834 -1.3417 Td (focus. )Tj 3.0362 0 Td (For )Tj 1.7763 0 Td (instance, )Tj 4.3465 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6126 0 Td (did )Tj 1.789 0 Td (not )Tj 1.726 0 Td (examine )Tj 4.0756 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (role )Tj 1.9906 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (behavior )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (of )Tj 1.178 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7196 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.178 0 Td (recipient )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 48.0188 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5031 0 Td ("""6 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 77.6125 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 83.3952 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 194.343 41.5559 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 200.126 43.6535 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 305 0 obj 15497 endobj 318 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 720.51 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (firm. )Tj 2.4188 0 Td (Further, )Tj 3.893 0 Td (we )Tj 1.7637 0 Td (did )Tj 1.9276 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8709 0 Td (differentiate )Tj 5.6945 0 Td (between )Tj 4.2834 0 Td (different )Tj 4.1197 0 Td (types )Tj 2.9165 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3229 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj 4.3842 0 Td (collaborative )Tj -34.5952 -1.3921 Td (projects, )Tj 4.1763 0 Td (which )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (have )Tj 2.4819 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8945 0 Td (significant )Tj 4.8189 0 Td (influence )Tj 4.3276 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4362 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (phenomenon )Tj 6.1543 0 Td (under )Tj 2.9165 0 Td (study. )Tj 3.0425 0 Td (We )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (see )Tj -38.6267 -1.3858 Td (potential )Tj 4.3653 0 Td (in )Tj 1.348 0 Td (investigating )Tj 6.1733 0 Td (how )Tj 2.4 0 Td (these )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (issues )Tj 3.3827 0 Td (modify )Tj 3.559 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9591 0 Td (relationships )Tj 6.1606 0 Td (between )Tj 4.378 0 Td (external )Tj -36.7244 -1.3921 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5339 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2504 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7244 0 Td (that )Tj 1.8898 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5118 0 Td (have )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (proposed. )Tj -24.3086 -1.8835 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 6.0661 0 Td (our )Tj 1.852 0 Td (study )Tj 2.8535 0 Td (faced )Tj 2.9543 0 Td (limitations )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (regarding )Tj 4.7622 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (data )Tj 2.4126 0 Td (collection )Tj 4.6236 0 Td (procedure )Tj 5.0331 0 Td (\(cross- )Tj -37.1527 -1.3921 Td (sectional )Tj 4.2456 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.2189 0 Td (design\) )Tj 3.6599 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0157 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (overall )Tj 3.2063 0 Td (research )Tj 4.1953 0 Td (design )Tj 3.3323 0 Td (\(measures )Tj 4.97 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0221 0 Td (approaches\). )Tj 6.2362 0 Td (We )Tj -38.7905 -1.3858 Td (encourage )Tj 5.1905 0 Td (further )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (research )Tj 4.315 0 Td (examining )Tj 4.9763 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (only )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (individual )Tj 4.6362 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.4678 0 Td (decisions )Tj 4.6425 0 Td (but )Tj 1.8645 0 Td (also )Tj -38.4125 -1.3922 Td (what )Tj 2.4188 0 Td (influences )Tj 4.8126 0 Td (these )Tj 2.7465 0 Td (decisions. )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (For )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (example, )Tj 4.3968 0 Td (various )Tj 3.5024 0 Td (important )Tj 4.5102 0 Td (factors )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (are )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (likely )Tj 2.5134 0 Td (to )Tj 1.159 0 Td (affect )Tj -37.7511 -1.3858 Td (the )Tj 1.9401 0 Td (uncontrolled )Tj 6.0284 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.9007 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3922 0 Td (external )Tj 4.063 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 4.1323 0 Td (including )Tj 4.611 0 Td (those )Tj 2.9732 0 Td (within )Tj 3.0803 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5133 -1.3858 Td (beyond )Tj 3.6661 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (employees' )Tj 5.348 0 Td (own )Tj 2.1228 0 Td (judgment. )Tj 4.7623 0 Td (Employee-related )Tj 8.0944 0 Td (factors )Tj 3.326 0 Td (could )Tj 2.778 0 Td (further )Tj 3.1559 0 Td (relate )Tj 2.7716 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1402 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3922 Td (motivations )Tj 5.2472 0 Td (behind )Tj 3.3386 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0897 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (leakage, )Tj 4.044 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3103 0 Td (well )Tj 1.959 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3103 0 Td (other )Tj 2.5071 0 Td (issues )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (associated )Tj 5.0834 0 Td (with )Tj -38.4692 -1.3858 Td (the )Tj 1.6503 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5654 0 Td (behavior, )Tj 4.3905 0 Td (scope )Tj 3.0236 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (context. )Tj 3.7858 0 Td (For )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (instance, )Tj 4.2709 0 Td (important )Tj 4.4535 0 Td (issues )Tj 3.0677 0 Td (include )Tj -36.9952 -1.3858 Td (organization-level )Tj 8.1259 0 Td (education, )Tj 5.0268 0 Td (systems )Tj 4 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (codes )Tj 3.1182 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1968 0 Td (conduct )Tj 3.9937 0 Td (linked )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1968 0 Td (sharing )Tj -36.9322 -1.3921 Td (and )Tj 2.0409 0 Td (protection, )Tj 5.0457 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3795 0 Td (well )Tj 2.022 0 Td (as )Tj 1.3796 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (organizational )Tj 6.5007 0 Td (culture )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (toward )Tj 3.3512 0 Td (openness. )Tj 4.9449 0 Td (Furthermore, )Tj 5.9779 0 Td (future )Tj -37.7007 -1.3859 Td (research )Tj 4.233 0 Td (could )Tj 2.8221 0 Td (focus )Tj 2.759 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4488 0 Td (inter-partner )Tj 5.7701 0 Td (dynamics )Tj 4.6362 0 Td (in )Tj 1.115 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.978 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8252 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0598 0 Td (how )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (these )Tj -37.8078 -1.3858 Td (affect )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1402 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (and )Tj 2.022 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2977 0 Td (consequences )Tj 6.8346 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4677 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.4567 0 Td (involved )Tj 3.9811 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0835 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (collaboration. )Tj -34.2677 -1.3921 Td (For )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (instance, )Tj 4.5543 0 Td (it )Tj 1.0583 0 Td (has )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (been )Tj 2.8095 0 Td (suggested )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2047 0 Td (organizations )Tj 6.4693 0 Td (that )Tj 2.2111 0 Td (are )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (weaker )Tj 3.7417 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3229 0 Td (innovative )Tj -35.7921 -1.3858 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3417 0 Td (assets )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (strive )Tj 2.8724 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (gain )Tj 2.4315 0 Td (access )Tj 3.6914 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3417 0 Td (such )Tj 2.652 0 Td (assets )Tj 3.3638 0 Td (by )Tj 1.6251 0 Td (collaborating )Tj 6.2552 0 Td (with )Tj 2.2614 0 Td (stronger )Tj -36.5417 -1.3922 Td (partners )Tj 3.937 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Alexy )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9984 0 Td (et )Tj 1.0897 0 Td (al.)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5749 0 Td (2013)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 2.7275 0 Td (Kale )Tj 2.2299 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9717 0 Td (Singh, )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (2009)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\), )Tj 3.0551 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9654 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9086 0 Td (such )Tj 2.4 0 Td (organizations )Tj 6.167 0 Td (might )Tj 2.7338 0 Td (act )Tj 1.6378 0 Td (in )Tj -39.4582 -1.3858 Td (an )Tj 1.9401 0 Td (opportunistic )Tj 6.5953 0 Td (manner )Tj 4.1827 0 Td (in )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (those )Tj 3.2567 0 Td (relationships )Tj 6.4189 0 Td (\()Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg (Liebeskind, )Tj 6.2677 0 Td (1996)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (; )Tj /GS0 gs 0 0 1 rg 3.3071 0 Td (Teece, )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (2002)Tj /GS1 gs 0 0 0 1 k (\). )Tj -37.4299 -1.3858 Td (Alternatively, )Tj 6.1606 0 Td (stronger )Tj 4.2079 0 Td (firms )Tj 2.6771 0 Td (could )Tj 2.9984 0 Td (be )Tj 1.6882 0 Td (expected )Tj 4.7118 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3544 0 Td (use )Tj 2.1291 0 Td (their )Tj 2.4441 0 Td (bargaining )Tj 5.2976 0 Td (power )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3544 0 Td (their )Tj -38.3055 -1.3921 Td (advantage )Tj 5.1653 0 Td (and )Tj 2.148 0 Td (distill )Tj 2.6835 0 Td (relevant )Tj 3.9433 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (from )Tj 2.4252 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8142 0 Td (weaker )Tj 3.6221 0 Td (partner. )Tj 3.9055 0 Td (Finally, )Tj 3.496 0 Td (our )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (research )Tj -36.3338 -1.3859 Td (relies )Tj 2.7338 0 Td (on )Tj 1.4866 0 Td (perceptional )Tj 5.915 0 Td (measures )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1527 0 Td (addressing )Tj 5.3859 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7638 0 Td (issues )Tj 3.1811 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2157 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2095 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 3.9496 0 Td (leakage )Tj -36.7118 -1.3858 Td (and )Tj 2.1984 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9701 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.4126 0 Td (Future )Tj 3.2818 0 Td (studies )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.6725 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 0.9953 0 Td (both )Tj 2.4755 0 Td (qualitative )Tj 4.9764 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1922 0 Td (quantitative )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.5811 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1.0015 0 Td (could )Tj -37.7574 -1.3921 Td (develop )Tj 3.9496 0 Td (alternative )Tj 4.9133 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0914 0 Td (more )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (nuanced )Tj 4.2708 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (accurate )Tj 4.2645 0 Td (ways )Tj 2.6331 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2094 0 Td (measure )Tj 4.2205 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2095 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0283 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3858 Td (leaked )Tj 3.3889 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1355 0 Td (connect )Tj 3.9874 0 Td (them )Tj 2.6267 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1859 0 Td (implications )Tj 5.6756 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (focal )Tj 2.5575 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (innovation. )Tj 5.1843 0 Td (We )Tj 1.8582 0 Td (hope )Tj 2.6835 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0787 0 Td (future )Tj -37.7007 -1.3859 Td (studies )Tj 3.4267 0 Td (will )Tj 1.6 0 Td (build )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (on )Tj 1.348 0 Td (our )Tj 1.6693 0 Td (work )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (by )Tj 1.3544 0 Td (examining )Tj 4.7937 0 Td (these )Tj 2.6519 0 Td (issues. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 362.891 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (0# )Tj 1.0544 0 Td (1 \r )Tj 5.2214 0 Td (\)\n )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 61.0015 345.883 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0055 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (In )Tj 1.411 0 Td (this )Tj 2.1165 0 Td (study, )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (we )Tj 1.8457 0 Td (examined )Tj 4.9134 0 Td (how )Tj 2.3937 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (of )Tj 1.411 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.7354 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4111 0 Td (with )Tj 2.337 0 Td (external )Tj -36.7244 -1.3858 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.0346 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.0378 0 Td (affects )Tj 3.326 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9071 0 Td (firm's )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3701 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.2866 0 Td (We )Tj 1.789 0 Td (started )Tj 3.4394 0 Td (with )Tj 2.1102 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3858 Td (assumption )Tj 5.3921 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9464 0 Td (there )Tj 2.5386 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0016 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8441 0 Td (dark )Tj 2.652 0 Td (side )Tj 2.1606 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (openness )Tj 5.0079 0 Td (when )Tj 2.6457 0 Td (it )Tj 0.7874 0 Td (comes )Tj 3.2567 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1212 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7922 0 Td (collaboration. )Tj -34.2677 -1.3921 Td (This )Tj 2.4566 0 Td (is )Tj 1.367 0 Td (related )Tj 3.7228 0 Td (to )Tj 1.4803 0 Td (the )Tj 2.0284 0 Td (possibility )Tj 5.033 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4804 0 Td (business-critical )Tj 7.811 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4803 0 Td (leaking )Tj 3.8236 0 Td (outside )Tj 3.8866 0 Td (firm )Tj -38.57 -1.3859 Td (boundaries, )Tj 5.537 0 Td (risking )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (novelty )Tj 3.3889 0 Td (value )Tj 2.6268 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2819 0 Td (innovations. )Tj 5.5181 0 Td (Using )Tj 2.8472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6504 0 Td (data )Tj 2.2488 0 Td (set )Tj 1.5937 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1024 0 Td (150 )Tj 1.9149 0 Td (CEOs )Tj -37.6251 -1.3858 Td (from )Tj 2.4 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.5275 0 Td (technology )Tj 5.2913 0 Td (industries, )Tj 4.9575 0 Td (we )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (found )Tj 2.948 0 Td (that )Tj 2.0662 0 Td (the )Tj 1.789 0 Td (aforementioned )Tj 7.3197 0 Td (risk )Tj 1.9527 0 Td (indeed )Tj 3.4898 0 Td (exists. )Tj -37.4236 -1.3921 Td (Uncontrolled )Tj 5.9968 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6598 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1968 0 Td (among )Tj 3.4457 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8677 0 Td (collaboration )Tj 6.0473 0 Td (partners )Tj 4.0441 0 Td (leads )Tj 2.7842 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1969 0 Td (higher )Tj -37.4299 -1.3858 Td (possibility )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1653 0 Td (accidental )Tj 4.9323 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1717 0 Td (leakage, )Tj 4.1196 0 Td (which )Tj 2.9103 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0519 0 Td (negatively )Tj 4.8315 0 Td (associated )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0913 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7134 0 Td (firm's )Tj -37.8645 -1.3922 Td (radical )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.052 0 Td (performance. )Tj 6.4882 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.5622 0 Td (leakage )Tj 4.0756 0 Td (did )Tj 2.0031 0 Td (not )Tj 1.9465 0 Td (similarly )Tj 4.1133 0 Td (hurt )Tj 2.2678 0 Td (incremental )Tj -35.0803 -1.3858 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7307 0 Td (performance, )Tj 6.1795 0 Td (which )Tj 2.822 0 Td (further )Tj 3.1055 0 Td (suggests )Tj 4.3276 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.2803 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0834 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.7607 0 Td (relate )Tj 2.7149 0 Td (most )Tj 2.4063 0 Td (often )Tj 2.4504 0 Td (to )Tj -39.3952 -1.3858 Td (radical )Tj 3.2629 0 Td (innovation. )Tj 5.0142 0 Td (Based )Tj 3.1181 0 Td (on )Tj 1.3544 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6315 0 Td (study, )Tj 2.9606 0 Td (we )Tj 1.5244 0 Td (can )Tj 1.9024 0 Td (conclude )Tj 4.359 0 Td (that )Tj 1.9087 0 Td (managers )Tj 4.7055 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9653 0 Td (experts )Tj 3.5528 0 Td (should )Tj -37.2598 -1.3921 Td (think )Tj 2.4125 0 Td (carefully )Tj 4.0441 0 Td (what )Tj 2.4189 0 Td (type )Tj 2.2678 0 Td (of )Tj 1.159 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1591 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0456 0 Td (shared )Tj 3.4079 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0961 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8299 0 Td (collaborations, )Tj 6.7842 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0851 0 Td (whom )Tj 2.9669 0 Td (it )Tj 0.8315 0 Td (is )Tj -39.5086 -1.3859 Td (shared )Tj 3.6472 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2866 0 Td (who )Tj 2.3874 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8615 0 Td (it. )Tj 1.348 0 Td (Collaborative )Tj 6.3685 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.052 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2913 0 Td (an )Tj 1.6756 0 Td (increasing )Tj 5.1654 0 Td (trend )Tj 2.885 0 Td (across )Tj -37.2598 -1.3858 Td (industries, )Tj 4.9763 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1355 0 Td (researchers )Tj 5.6819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1354 0 Td (practitioners )Tj 5.896 0 Td (are )Tj 1.8583 0 Td (well )Tj 2.1166 0 Td (advised )Tj 3.9433 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2598 0 Td (recognize )Tj 4.8063 0 Td (not )Tj 1.8016 0 Td (only )Tj 2.2362 0 Td (the )Tj -38.8472 -1.3921 Td (benefits )Tj 3.7543 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0708 0 Td (external )Tj 3.7418 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0708 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5339 0 Td (but )Tj 1.6819 0 Td (also )Tj 2.0472 0 Td (its )Tj 1.2347 0 Td (downsides. )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 61.0015 136.743 cm BT /F0 1 Tf -0.005 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td ( )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 61.0015 120.756 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Abernat)Tj 3.4937 0 Td (hy, )Tj 1.8496 0 Td (W.J. )Tj 2.4449 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2323 0 Td (Clark, )Tj 3.0898 0 Td (K.B. )Tj 2.4024 0 Td (\(1985\), )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (Innov)Tj 2.7709 0 Td (ation: )Tj 2.9268 0 Td (mapping )Tj 4.4788 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8992 0 Td (winds )Tj 3.0969 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3535 0 Td (creative )Tj 4.0111 0 Td (destructio)Tj 4.3583 0 Td (n, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -44.0436 -1.311 Td (Researc)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (h )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0898 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (14 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (3-22. )Tj -15.0379 -1.9984 Td (Ahmad, )Tj 3.8055 0 Td (A., )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (Bosua, )Tj 3.4157 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0481 0 Td (Scheepers, )Tj 5.3858 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (\(2014\), )Tj 3.4583 0 Td (Protecti)Tj 3.6993 0 Td (ng )Tj 1.5094 0 Td (organizati)Tj 4.2945 0 Td (onal )Tj 2.204 0 Td (competi)Tj 3.5433 0 Td (tive )Tj 1.878 0 Td (advantage)Tj 4.6985 0 Td (: )Tj 0.6307 0 Td (a )Tj -44.6956 -1.3181 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.3535 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (perspectiv)Tj 4.6418 0 Td (e, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3961 0 Td (Computer)Tj 4.3724 0 Td (s )Tj 0.6945 0 Td (& )Tj 0.8575 0 Td (Security)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.0181 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (42, )Tj 1.5661 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (27-39. )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL )Tj 4.0469 0 Td (OF )Tj 1.3519 0 Td (KNOWLEDGE )Tj 5.5558 0 Td (MANAGEMENT )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 508.365 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 516.983 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td ("""7 )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 317 0 obj 15675 endobj 332 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 7.9999 0 0 7.9999 172.006 721.247 cm BT /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 1 TL 0 0 Td (Alexy, )Tj 2.9834 0 Td (O., )Tj 1.6229 0 Td (George, )Tj 3.9189 0 Td (G. )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9984 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.0898 0 Td (A.J. )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (\(2013\), )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (Cui )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (bono? )Tj 3.0402 0 Td (The )Tj 1.9418 0 Td (selectiv)Tj 3.3095 0 Td (e )Tj 0.8574 0 Td (revealing )Tj 4.33 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1268 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1095 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (its )Tj -44.2633 -1.2685 Td (implicatio)Tj 4.1811 0 Td (ns )Tj 1.2402 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3464 0 Td (innovativ)Tj 3.8552 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (activity, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.8976 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.415 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (Managemen)Tj 5.5205 0 Td (t )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6355 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (38 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (270-291)Tj 3.5858 0 Td (. )Tj -41.4711 -1.9984 Td (Alexy, )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (O., )Tj 1.8213 0 Td (West, )Tj 2.9622 0 Td (J., )Tj 1.5449 0 Td (Klapper)Tj 3.4937 0 Td (, )Tj 0.7795 0 Td (H. )Tj 1.4882 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1969 0 Td (Reitzig, )Tj 3.7701 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (\(2017\), )Tj 3.6071 0 Td (Surrende)Tj 4.415 0 Td (ring )Tj 2.1898 0 Td (control )Tj 3.4937 0 Td (to )Tj 1.3181 0 Td (gain )Tj 2.4095 0 Td (advantage)Tj 4.6985 0 Td (: )Tj -44.9649 -1.2756 Td (reconcili)Tj 3.6779 0 Td (ng )Tj 1.3748 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.5355 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9205 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (resource-b)Tj 4.7977 0 Td (ased )Tj 2.4095 0 Td (view )Tj 2.1827 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0417 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (firm, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5087 0 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1528 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9748 0 Td (nt )Tj 1.0418 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.7063 0 Td (Article )Tj 2.9906 0 Td (in )Tj -44.483 -1.2685 Td (press, )Tj 2.9338 0 Td (available )Tj 4.1103 0 Td (online, )Tj 3.0756 0 Td (doi: )Tj 0 0 1 rg 1.8355 0 Td (10.1002/sm)Tj 5.1307 0 Td (j.2706)Tj 0 0 0 1 k (. )Tj -17.0859 -1.9985 Td (Alnuaimi, )Tj 4.4291 0 Td (T. )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (George, )Tj 4.011 0 Td (G. )Tj 1.4457 0 Td (\(2016\), )Tj 3.5079 0 Td (Appropria)Tj 4.8048 0 Td (bility )Tj 2.4094 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0977 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7646 0 Td (retrieval )Tj 3.8764 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2087 0 Td (after )Tj 2.3669 0 Td (spillove)Tj 3.3095 0 Td (rs, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -43.7672 -1.2685 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1315 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.678 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (37 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (7, )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (1263-12)Tj 3.5858 0 Td (79. )Tj 0.03 Tc -24.9521 -1.8779 Td (An, )Tj 2.2393 0 Td (X., )Tj 1.9134 0 Td (Deng, )Tj 3.515 0 Td (H., )Tj 2.0197 0 Td (Chao, )Tj 3.4512 0 Td (L. )Tj 1.5378 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4591 0 Td (Bai, )Tj 2.4874 0 Td (W. )Tj 1.878 0 Td (\(2014\))Tj 3.0402 0 Td (, )Tj 0.9638 0 Td (Knowled)Tj 4.4858 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.878 0 Td (managem)Tj 4.6843 0 Td (ent )Tj 2.126 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4811 0 Td (supportin)Tj 4.4717 0 Td (g )Tj -44.6318 -1.2686 Td (collabora)Tj 4.4008 0 Td (tive )Tj 2.2394 0 Td (innovat)Tj 3.4016 0 Td (ion )Tj 1.9771 0 Td (community )Tj 5.6977 0 Td (capacity )Tj 4.6205 0 Td (building)Tj 4.2449 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8788 0 Td (Journal )Tj 4.0323 0 Td (of )Tj 1.4528 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.8677 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.6843 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj -43.4979 -1.2685 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.9771 0 Td (18 )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0914 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (574-590)Tj 3.841 0 Td (. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -11.9056 -1.8779 Td (Arora, )Tj 2.8842 0 Td (A., )Tj 1.4244 0 Td (Athreye, )Tj 3.8694 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.0913 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9063 0 Td (Huang, )Tj 3.4371 0 Td (C. )Tj 1.1976 0 Td (\(2016\), )Tj 3.3166 0 Td (The )Tj 2.2252 0 Td (paradox )Tj 3.8764 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0346 0 Td (opennes)Tj 3.8127 0 Td (s )Tj 0.7086 0 Td (revisited: )Tj 4.1883 0 Td (collaborative )Tj 5.8181 0 Td (innovatio)Tj 3.9048 0 Td (n )Tj -44.6956 -1.2686 Td (and )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (patenting )Tj 4.3512 0 Td (by )Tj 1.2969 0 Td (UK )Tj 1.5732 0 Td (innovato)Tj 3.6922 0 Td (rs, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.6724 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.4008 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (45 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (7, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1352-1361. )Tj -29.5159 -1.8779 Td (Bagozzi, )Tj 4.2874 0 Td (R.P. )Tj 2.2819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1614 0 Td (Yi, )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (Y. )Tj 1.3465 0 Td (\(1991\), )Tj 3.5716 0 Td (Multitrait-mu)Tj 5.7686 0 Td (ltimethod )Tj 4.5071 0 Td (matrices )Tj 4.2237 0 Td (in )Tj 1.226 0 Td (consumer )Tj 4.8331 0 Td (resear)Tj 2.7709 0 Td (ch, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.211 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6709 0 Td (of )Tj -44.4192 -1.2685 Td (Consum)Tj 3.6567 0 Td (er )Tj 1.0701 0 Td (Research)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.6701 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (17 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (4, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (426-439. )Tj -16.9584 -1.8709 Td (Bartholo)Tj 3.6425 0 Td (mew, )Tj 2.6221 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.148 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9559 0 Td (Smith, )Tj 3.0048 0 Td (A.D. )Tj 2.1827 0 Td (\(2006\), )Tj 3.3661 0 Td (Improving )Tj 5.0741 0 Td (survey )Tj 3.1536 0 Td (response )Tj 4.3583 0 Td (rates )Tj 2.4449 0 Td (from )Tj 2.2394 0 Td (chief )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (executive )Tj 4.4575 0 Td (officers )Tj -42.031 -1.2756 Td (in )Tj 1.0417 0 Td (small )Tj 2.5725 0 Td (firms: )Tj 2.6929 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6512 0 Td (importan)Tj 3.8693 0 Td (ce )Tj 1.3748 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1126 0 Td (social )Tj 2.8347 0 Td (network)Tj 3.4299 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4315 0 Td (Entrepreneur)Tj 5.7332 0 Td (ship )Tj 2.1401 0 Td (Theory )Tj 3.2812 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9842 0 Td (Practice)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.1599 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.9205 0 Td (30 )Tj 1.3748 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.8213 0 Td (1, )Tj -44.4263 -1.2685 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (83-96. )Tj -1.6866 -1.8709 Td (Baughn)Tj 3.437 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5173 0 Td (C.C., )Tj 2.4803 0 Td (Denekam)Tj 4.2024 0 Td (p, )Tj 1.1197 0 Td (J.G., )Tj 2.3315 0 Td (Stevens)Tj 3.4938 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5173 0 Td (J.H. )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9346 0 Td (Osborn, )Tj 3.7985 0 Td (R.N. )Tj 2.1614 0 Td (\(1997\), )Tj 3.3378 0 Td (Protectin)Tj 4.245 0 Td (g )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (intellectua)Tj 4.4433 0 Td (l )Tj 0.4535 0 Td (capital )Tj 3.1749 0 Td (in )Tj -44.483 -1.2756 Td (internationa)Tj 5.1024 0 Td (l )Tj 0.4181 0 Td (allianc)Tj 2.8063 0 Td (es, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8921 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (World )Tj 2.7638 0 Td (Business)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.4575 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (32 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (103-117. )Tj -29.4167 -1.8709 Td (Belderb)Tj 3.4937 0 Td (os, )Tj 1.6157 0 Td (R., )Tj 1.5095 0 Td (Carree, )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.4031 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9985 0 Td (Lokshin, )Tj 3.9473 0 Td (B. )Tj 1.233 0 Td (\(2004\), )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (Cooper)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ative )Tj 2.374 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9985 0 Td (firm )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.0741 0 Td (e, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.5023 0 Td (Researc)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (h )Tj -44.6956 -1.2685 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (33 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (10, )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1477-1492. )Tj -11.1827 -2.0055 Td (Bogers, )Tj 4.1102 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.7646 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.7701 0 Td (The )Tj 2.6717 0 Td (open )Tj 2.9055 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.1237 0 Td (paradox: )Tj 4.6063 0 Td (knowle)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (dge )Tj 2.4236 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.9402 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3599 0 Td (protection )Tj 5.074 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4245 0 Td (R&D )Tj -43.2145 -1.2685 Td (collabor)Tj 3.5291 0 Td (ations, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4654 0 Td (European )Tj 4.4575 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Innovati)Tj 3.4228 0 Td (on )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9749 0 Td (nt)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.2968 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (14 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (93-117. )Tj -0.03 Tc -34.4199 -1.8709 Td (Brown, )Tj 3.111 0 Td (B. )Tj 1.0843 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.1394 0 Td (Why )Tj 2.3952 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.415 0 Td (matters, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.919 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.2095 0 Td (- )Tj 0.5031 0 Td (Techno)Tj 3.1181 0 Td (logy )Tj 1.963 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.7836 0 Td (nt)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.2259 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.7363 0 Td (53 )Tj 1.2401 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.6583 0 Td (6, )Tj 0.9709 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6158 0 Td (18-23. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -41.0885 -2.0056 Td (Chandy)Tj 3.437 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6165 0 Td (R.K. )Tj 2.204 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0268 0 Td (Tellis, )Tj 2.8275 0 Td (G.J. )Tj 2.1544 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.437 0 Td (The )Tj 2.3528 0 Td (incumbe)Tj 3.8126 0 Td (nt's )Tj 1.8638 0 Td (curse? )Tj 3.2812 0 Td (Incumbe)Tj 3.8764 0 Td (ncy, )Tj 2.1968 0 Td (size, )Tj 2.3528 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0268 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.3307 0 Td (product )Tj -41.7971 -1.2685 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4504 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3464 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Marketi)Tj 3.2103 0 Td (ng)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.6299 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (64 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1-17. )Tj -22.6206 -1.8708 Td (Chesbro)Tj 3.763 0 Td (ugh, )Tj 2.3598 0 Td (H.W. )Tj 2.5229 0 Td (\(2006\), )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4866 0 Td (Open )Tj 2.856 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.3653 0 Td (Models: )Tj 3.8835 0 Td (How )Tj 2.3528 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2047 0 Td (Thrive )Tj 3.0544 0 Td (in )Tj 1.141 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7504 0 Td (New )Tj 2.3527 0 Td (Innovatio)Tj 3.9686 0 Td (n )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (Landscap)Tj 4.4221 0 Td (e)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj -44.4192 -1.2756 Td (Harvard )Tj 3.7488 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.1811 0 Td (School )Tj 3.189 0 Td (Press, )Tj 2.941 0 Td (Cambri)Tj 3.2174 0 Td (dge, )Tj 2.2323 0 Td (MA. )Tj 0.03 Tc -19.5096 -1.8709 Td (Cohen, )Tj 3.7063 0 Td (W.M., )Tj 3.0402 0 Td (Goto, )Tj 2.9197 0 Td (A., )Tj 1.6512 0 Td (Nagata, )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (A., )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (Nelson, )Tj 3.9047 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.3394 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (Walsh, )Tj 3.4937 0 Td (J.P. )Tj 2.126 0 Td (\(2002\), )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.8843 0 Td (spillove)Tj 3.6 0 Td (rs, )Tj 1.5378 0 Td (patents )Tj -41.7475 -1.2756 Td (and )Tj 2.1472 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8071 0 Td (incentives )Tj 5.1095 0 Td (to )Tj 1.2331 0 Td (innovate )Tj 4.3299 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1693 0 Td (Japan )Tj 3.2528 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1473 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8071 0 Td (United )Tj 3.4512 0 Td (States, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0181 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.8331 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.4796 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (31 )Tj 1.5024 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.9772 0 Td (8, )Tj -44.3838 -1.2685 Td (pp. )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (1349-1367)Tj 5.0032 0 Td (. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -6.7961 -1.9985 Td (Connell, )Tj 3.9331 0 Td (J., )Tj 1.396 0 Td (Kriz, )Tj 2.3103 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (and )Tj 2.048 0 Td (Thorpe, )Tj 3.7347 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.4457 0 Td (\(2014\), )Tj 3.4583 0 Td (Industry )Tj 4.2803 0 Td (clusters: )Tj 4.0536 0 Td (an )Tj 1.4386 0 Td (antidote )Tj 3.8977 0 Td (for )Tj 1.4952 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.5023 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6213 0 Td (and )Tj -43.5475 -1.2685 Td (collabor)Tj 3.5291 0 Td (ative )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (innovation?)Tj 4.9465 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8504 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Knowledg)Tj 4.4221 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9748 0 Td (nt)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.2969 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (18 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (137-151. )Tj 0.03 Tc -35.0152 -1.878 Td (Dahland)Tj 3.9543 0 Td (er, )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (L. )Tj 1.1622 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0835 0 Td (Gann, )Tj 3.1323 0 Td (D.M. )Tj 2.5016 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (How )Tj 2.7638 0 Td (open )Tj 2.6575 0 Td (is )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (innovat)Tj 3.4016 0 Td (ion?, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.941 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.7622 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.0552 0 Td (39 )Tj 1.4385 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.9135 0 Td (6, )Tj -44.3909 -1.2685 Td (pp. )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (699-709. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -1.7929 -1.8779 Td (Delgado)Tj 3.763 0 Td (-Verde, )Tj 3.678 0 Td (M., )Tj 1.8141 0 Td (Navaz-L)Tj /F11 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.678 0.0992 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0283 -0.0992 Td (o)Tj -0.0062 Tc (pez, )Tj 2.9126 0 Td (J.E., )Tj 2.3669 0 Td (Cruz-Gonz)Tj 4.7481 0 Td (a)Tj 0 Tc 0.1134 0.0425 Td ()Tj -0.0062 Tc 0.4323 -0.0425 Td (lez, )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (J. )Tj 1.2118 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (Amores-Salv)Tj 5.5701 0 Td (ad)Tj /F11 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.1764 0.0992 Td ()Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0213 -0.0992 Td (o)Tj -0.0062 Tc (, )Tj 1.2686 0 Td (J. )Tj 1.2047 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.5504 0 Td (Radical )Tj -41.542 -1.2686 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7622 0 Td (from )Tj 2.2748 0 Td (relatio)Tj 2.6504 0 Td (ns-based )Tj 4.4646 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ge: )Tj 1.7362 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.33 0 Td (evidence )Tj 4.337 0 Td (in )Tj 1.063 0 Td (Spanish )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (technolog)Tj 4.3513 0 Td (y-intensive )Tj 4.9819 0 Td (firms, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.4562 -1.2685 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.1733 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (15 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (722-737)Tj 3.5858 0 Td (. )Tj -27.0072 -1.8779 Td (Dhanaraj, )Tj 4.6701 0 Td (C. )Tj 1.4102 0 Td (and )Tj 2.126 0 Td (Parkhe, )Tj 3.763 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (\(2006\), )Tj 3.5291 0 Td (Orchestrat)Tj 5.0174 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8827 0 Td (networks)Tj 4.3017 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.7086 0 Td (Acade)Tj 2.8914 0 Td (my )Tj 1.7504 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2472 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj -43.8806 -1.2686 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (31 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (659-669. )Tj -11.1898 -1.9984 Td (Durst, )Tj 3.026 0 Td (S., )Tj 1.559 0 Td (Aggestam)Tj 4.5497 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (L. )Tj 1.226 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1047 0 Td (Ferenho)Tj 3.5859 0 Td (f, )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (H.A. )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 3.5079 0 Td (Understan)Tj 4.9607 0 Td (ding )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (leakage: )Tj 4.167 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9496 0 Td (review )Tj 3.2315 0 Td (of )Tj -44.4192 -1.2685 Td (previous )Tj 3.9614 0 Td (studies)Tj 3.1607 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8574 0 Td (VINE)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 2.6717 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (45 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7221 0 Td (4, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (568-586. )Tj -18.2056 -1.878 Td (Dyer, )Tj 2.7212 0 Td (J.H. )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0694 0 Td (Nobeoka)Tj 3.9827 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6519 0 Td (K. )Tj 1.304 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.4725 0 Td (Creating )Tj 4.5142 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (managing )Tj 4.7976 0 Td (a )Tj 0.9142 0 Td (high-perfor)Tj 4.8544 0 Td (mance )Tj 3.3732 0 Td (knowledge-)Tj 5.1308 0 Td (sharing )Tj -41.9743 -1.2685 Td (network: )Tj 3.9047 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Toyota )Tj 3.1394 0 Td (case, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9764 0 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1315 0 Td (Managemen)Tj 5.5205 0 Td (t )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (21 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7221 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (345-367. )Tj -32.953 -1.9984 Td (Ethiraj, )Tj 3.3023 0 Td (S.K., )Tj 2.4024 0 Td (Levinthal, )Tj 4.5001 0 Td (D. )Tj 1.2968 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0126 0 Td (Roy, )Tj 2.2819 0 Td (R.R. )Tj 2.1756 0 Td (\(2008\), )Tj 3.4158 0 Td (The )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (dual )Tj 2.2182 0 Td (role )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (modularit)Tj 4.0819 0 Td (y: )Tj 1.0843 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7693 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (imitation, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -40.9467 -1.2685 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Science)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.011 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (54 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6937 0 Td (939-95)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (5. )Tj -20.608 -1.878 Td (Federation )Tj 4.8827 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (Finnish )Tj 3.2883 0 Td (Technolog)Tj 4.6276 0 Td (y )Tj 0.6945 0 Td (Industrie)Tj 3.8126 0 Td (s )Tj 0.6945 0 Td (\(2014\), )Tj 3.3024 0 Td (available )Tj 4.1102 0 Td (at: )Tj 0 0 1 rg 1.2969 0 Td (www.te)Tj 3.2173 0 Td (knologiateol)Tj 5.2725 0 Td (lisuus.fi/en/ )Tj 0 0 0 1 k -36.2199 -1.878 Td (Fornell, )Tj 3.4582 0 Td (C. )Tj 1.2402 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9488 0 Td (Larcker, )Tj 3.8481 0 Td (D.F. )Tj 2.0622 0 Td (\(1981\), )Tj 3.3591 0 Td (Evalua)Tj 3.3166 0 Td (ting )Tj 1.8992 0 Td (structural )Tj 4.337 0 Td (equation )Tj 4.0678 0 Td (models )Tj 3.4795 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9914 0 Td (unobservab)Tj 5.2441 0 Td (le )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (variables )Tj -41.2656 -1.2685 Td (and )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (measureme)Tj 5.1874 0 Td (nt )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (error, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9197 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Marketing )Tj 4.5709 0 Td (Resear)Tj 3.104 0 Td (ch)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5661 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (18 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (39-50. )Tj -32.2372 -1.9984 Td (Foss, )Tj 2.6078 0 Td (N.J., )Tj 2.289 0 Td (Husted, )Tj 3.7135 0 Td (K. )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (and )Tj 1.963 0 Td (Michailov)Tj 4.1245 0 Td (a, )Tj 1.0842 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.141 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.3661 0 Td (Governing )Tj 5.23 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.4174 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.5291 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (organization)Tj 5.3859 0 Td (s: )Tj 1.0346 0 Td (levels )Tj -42.7467 -1.2686 Td (of )Tj 1.063 0 Td (analysis)Tj 3.5291 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5244 0 Td (governanc)Tj 4.6843 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7937 0 Td (mechanis)Tj 4.2449 0 Td (ms, )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (researc)Tj 3.3166 0 Td (h )Tj 0.7937 0 Td 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(257-270. )Tj -35.6813 -2.0055 Td (Hoecht, )Tj 3.8197 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.3181 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0764 0 Td (Trott, )Tj 2.622 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.2686 0 Td (\(2006\), )Tj 3.4866 0 Td (Outsourcin)Tj 5.1733 0 Td (g, )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (informatio)Tj 4.2945 0 Td (n )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (leakage )Tj 3.8694 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0764 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7504 0 Td (risk )Tj 1.9063 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2047 0 Td (losing )Tj 2.9977 0 Td (technolog)Tj 4.3512 0 Td (y- )Tj -44.4192 -1.2543 Td (based )Tj 2.9905 0 Td (competencie)Tj 5.7261 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3464 0 Td (European )Tj 4.4575 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.1812 0 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (18 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (395-412. )Tj 0.03 Tc -29.8915 -1.9985 Td (Hoetker)Tj 3.685 0 Td (, )Tj 0.815 0 Td (G. )Tj 1.6157 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3032 0 Td (Agarwal, )Tj 4.663 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.5024 0 Td (\(2007\), )Tj 3.8552 0 Td (Death )Tj 3.7134 0 Td (hurts, )Tj 3.1677 0 Td (but )Tj 2.0339 0 Td (it )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (isn't )Tj 2.4166 0 Td (fatal: )Tj 2.8346 0 Td (the )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (postexit )Tj 4.2308 0 Td (diffusio)Tj 3.4441 0 Td (n )Tj 1.0843 0 Td (of )Tj -44.3909 -1.2543 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.4567 0 Td (created )Tj 3.9614 0 Td (by )Tj 1.4953 0 Td (innovative )Tj 5.0953 0 Td (compan)Tj 3.8198 0 Td (ies, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.4094 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.7977 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2118 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.6843 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.8 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.0961 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.1048 0 Td (50 )Tj 1.4882 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.963 0 Td (2, )Tj -44.3838 -1.2615 Td (pp. )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (446-467. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -1.7929 -1.9984 Td (Husted, )Tj 3.9756 0 Td (K. )Tj 1.4669 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2323 0 Td (Michailov)Tj 4.1245 0 Td (a, )Tj 1.3535 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.4103 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (Dual )Tj 2.9268 0 Td (allegiance )Tj 5.0386 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2252 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.3363 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.8056 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (inter-firm )Tj 4.3938 0 Td (R&D )Tj -43.2145 -1.2543 Td (collabor)Tj 3.5291 0 Td 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)Tj 1.8921 0 Td (6, )Tj -44.4192 -1.2543 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1340022)Tj 3.8055 0 Td (. )Tj -5.4921 -1.9985 Td (Jansen, )Tj 3.763 0 Td (J.J.P., )Tj 3.0189 0 Td (van )Tj 1.9063 0 Td (Den )Tj 2.126 0 Td (Bosch, )Tj 3.3874 0 Td (F.A.J. )Tj 2.8489 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0197 0 Td (Volberda, )Tj 4.5921 0 Td (H.W. )Tj 2.4662 0 Td (\(2006\), )Tj 3.43 0 Td (Explora)Tj 3.7063 0 Td (tory )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4504 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6024 0 Td (exploitative )Tj -40.2877 -1.2543 Td (innovation, )Tj 5.1803 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1402 0 Td (performance)Tj 5.6197 0 Td (: )Tj 0.7228 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.3946 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (organization)Tj 5.3858 0 Td (al )Tj 1.2048 0 Td (antecedents )Tj 5.9103 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1401 0 Td (environmen)Tj 5.1166 0 Td (tal )Tj 1.4811 0 Td (moderators)Tj 5.0245 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -44.5893 -1.2615 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Science)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.011 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (52 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (11, )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1661-1674. )Tj -18.1064 -1.9984 Td (Jarvenpaa)Tj 4.6346 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4961 0 Td (S.L. )Tj 1.9134 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9134 0 Td (Majchrzak)Tj 4.5213 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4961 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.148 0 Td (\(2016\), )Tj 3.3166 0 Td (Interactive )Tj 5.1732 0 Td (self-regula)Tj 4.6205 0 Td (tory )Tj 1.8568 0 Td (theory )Tj 2.9409 0 Td (for )Tj 1.3607 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.4866 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9134 0 Td (protecting )Tj 4.6914 0 Td (in )Tj -44.483 -1.2543 Td (interorg)Tj 3.3732 0 Td (anizational )Tj 4.8685 0 Td (collabora)Tj 4.0749 0 Td (tions, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9197 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.415 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6355 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (41 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (9-27. )Tj -37.8569 -1.9985 Td (Jiang, )Tj 3.1039 0 Td (X., )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (Li, )Tj 1.4599 0 Td (M., )Tj 1.8 0 Td (Gao, )Tj 2.5654 0 Td (S., )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (Bao, )Tj 2.4449 0 Td (Y. )Tj 1.311 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1.3748 0 Td (we )Tj 1.4811 0 Td (know )Tj 2.5158 0 Td (now, )Tj 2.296 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9205 0 Td (where )Tj 2.8985 0 Td (do )Tj 1.3748 0 Td (we )Tj 1.4811 0 Td (go )Tj -44.0932 -1.2543 Td (from )Tj 2.1685 0 Td (here?, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.3024 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.415 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (Perspectiv)Tj 4.6417 0 Td (es)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5095 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (23 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (45-82. )Tj -30.6073 -1.9985 Td (Kale, )Tj 2.5086 0 Td (P., )Tj 1.4315 0 Td (Singh, )Tj 3.0686 0 Td (H. )Tj 1.2614 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (Perlmutter, )Tj 5.0315 0 Td (H. )Tj 1.2615 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.3803 0 Td (Learning )Tj 4.5213 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (protection )Tj 4.6914 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0984 0 Td (proprietar)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (y )Tj 0.7724 0 Td (assets )Tj 3.1182 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0346 0 Td (strategic )Tj -41.4286 -1.2614 Td (alliances: )Tj 4.3228 0 Td (building )Tj 3.7418 0 Td (relationa)Tj 3.7417 0 Td (l )Tj 0.4182 0 Td (Capita)Tj 2.8842 0 Td (l, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0701 0 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1315 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6851 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (21 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (217-237. )Tj -37.538 -1.9984 Td (Katila, )Tj 2.9693 0 Td (R., )Tj 1.4669 0 Td (Rosenberg)Tj 4.8615 0 Td (er, )Tj 1.4031 0 Td (J.D. )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9489 0 Td (Eisenhard)Tj 4.415 0 Td (t, )Tj 0.8079 0 Td (K.M. )Tj 2.2819 0 Td (\(2008\), )Tj 3.359 0 Td (Swimmi)Tj 3.7631 0 Td (ng )Tj 1.4102 0 Td (with )Tj 1.9914 0 Td (sharks: )Tj 3.4228 0 Td (technology )Tj 5.1024 0 Td (ventures, )Tj -41.2089 -1.2544 Td (defense )Tj 3.9897 0 Td (mechanism)Tj 5.0741 0 Td (s )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (corporat)Tj 3.7064 0 Td (e )Tj 0.985 0 Td (relationship)Tj 5.0528 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.5874 0 Td (Administra)Tj 4.6914 0 Td (tive )Tj 1.963 0 Td (Science )Tj 3.9827 0 Td (Quarterly)Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.0323 0 Td (, )Tj 0.7158 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.0764 0 Td (53 )Tj 1.5307 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (2, )Tj -44.4263 -1.2543 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (295-332. )Tj -1.6866 -2.0055 Td (Keizer, )Tj 3.5362 0 Td (J.A. )Tj 2.1756 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1827 0 Td (Halman, )Tj 4.1315 0 Td (J.I.M. )Tj 2.8985 0 Td (\(2007\), )Tj 3.5858 0 Td (Diagnosing )Tj 5.8749 0 Td (risk )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2402 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.4724 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.9395 0 Td (projec)Tj 2.7708 0 Td (ts, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9064 0 Td (Resear)Tj 3.1039 0 Td (ch- )Tj -43.8239 -1.2544 Td (Technolo)Tj 4.0181 0 Td (gy )Tj 1.3039 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (50 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (30-36. )Tj -19.1481 -1.9984 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.5283 0 Td (M.P. )Tj 2.2961 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0126 0 Td (Mortens)Tj 3.5434 0 Td (en, )Tj 1.6795 0 Td (T.B. )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.4229 0 Td (Some )Tj 3.2173 0 Td (immedi)Tj 3.2174 0 Td (ate )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.6795 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 0.8221 0 Td (but )Tj 1.7362 0 Td (negative )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 4.0819 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 0.815 0 Td (effects )Tj 3.2669 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.6276 0 Td (on )Tj -44.1499 -1.2544 Td (product )Tj 3.6425 0 Td (developme)Tj 4.9181 0 Td (nt )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (performanc)Tj 5.0741 0 Td (e, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4031 0 Td (Techn)Tj 2.7142 0 Td (ovation)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (31 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (54-64. )Tj ET Q q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 340.611 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (VOL. )Tj 2.0932 0 Td (22 )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (NO. )Tj 1.6746 0 Td (5 )Tj 0.6803 0 Td (20"8 )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 15.9998 0 0 15.9998 391.635 41.6125 cm BT /F6 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (j)Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 6.5001 0 0 6.5001 397.417 43.7102 cm BT /F5 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (JOURNAL 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/F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.678 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (36 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (6, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (1633-1)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (651. )Tj -31.1388 -1.9985 Td (Laursen, )Tj 4.2236 0 Td (K. )Tj 1.3465 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1118 0 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.189 0 Td (A.J. )Tj 2.1118 0 Td (\(2014\), )Tj 3.5221 0 Td (The )Tj 2.4236 0 Td (paradox )Tj 4.0749 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2331 0 Td (openness)Tj 4.3087 0 Td (: )Tj 0.6874 0 Td (appropriabi)Tj 5.1307 0 Td (lity, )Tj 1.878 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8976 0 Td (search )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (and )Tj -43.5475 -1.3039 Td (collabor)Tj 3.5291 0 Td (ation, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9764 0 Td (Resear)Tj 3.104 0 Td (ch )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (43 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (867-878)Tj 3.5859 0 Td (. )Tj -25.1293 -1.9984 Td (Lazzarott)Tj 4.0323 0 Td (i, )Tj 0.822 0 Td (V., )Tj 1.4882 0 Td (Manzini, )Tj 3.9827 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.2685 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0268 0 Td (Pellegrini, )Tj 4.6276 0 Td (L. )Tj 1.1552 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.437 0 Td (Firm-sp)Tj 3.7063 0 Td (ecific )Tj 2.6646 0 Td (factors )Tj 3.3307 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0339 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6937 0 Td (openness )Tj 4.6489 0 Td (degree: )Tj 3.7772 0 Td (a )Tj -44.6956 -1.2969 Td (survey )Tj 3.0897 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Italian )Tj 2.7993 0 Td (firms, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9834 0 Td (European )Tj 4.4576 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Innovatio)Tj 3.9686 0 Td (n )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9748 0 Td (nt)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.2969 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (14 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (4, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (412-434. )Tj -37.3184 -2.0055 Td (Li, )Tj 1.4669 0 Td (D., )Tj 1.6937 0 Td (Eden, )Tj 3.0118 0 Td (L., )Tj 1.5308 0 Td (Hitt, )Tj 2.1827 0 Td (M.A. )Tj 2.4661 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (Ireland, )Tj 3.763 0 Td (R.D. )Tj 2.3528 0 Td (\(2008\), )Tj 3.5362 0 Td (Friends, )Tj 4.3583 0 Td (acquaintances)Tj 6.4844 0 Td (, )Tj 0.7086 0 Td (or )Tj 1.3111 0 Td (strangers)Tj 4.1457 0 Td (? )Tj 0.9354 0 Td (Partner )Tj -42.0806 -1.2969 Td (selection )Tj 4.1102 0 Td (in )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.2252 0 Td (alliances)Tj 4.2237 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4748 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.415 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.678 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (51 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (315-33)Tj 3.0401 0 Td (4. )Tj -37.701 -1.9984 Td (Liebeski)Tj 3.6425 0 Td (nd, )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (J.P. )Tj 1.8567 0 Td (\(1996\), )Tj 3.3237 0 Td (Knowl)Tj 3.0401 0 Td (edge, )Tj 2.7922 0 Td (strategy )Tj 3.7701 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9063 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (theory )Tj 2.941 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0276 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (firm, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5016 0 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1457 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj -41.7617 -1.304 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (17 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (S2, )Tj 1.6229 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (93-107. )Tj -8.1638 -1.9984 Td (Lin, )Tj 2.0055 0 Td (H.F. )Tj 2.2394 0 Td (\(2007\), )Tj 3.5362 0 Td (Knowled)Tj 4.1953 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.6993 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (firm )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8898 0 Td (capabilit)Tj 3.7488 0 Td (y: )Tj 1.2048 0 Td (an )Tj 1.5236 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.4575 0 Td (study, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4937 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6426 0 Td (of )Tj -44.4263 -1.2969 Td (Manpow)Tj 3.7701 0 Td (er)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.3464 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (28 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (Nos )Tj 1.9489 0 Td (3/4, )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (315-332. )Tj -13.7127 -1.9984 Td (McFadye)Tj 4.096 0 Td (n, )Tj 1.0701 0 Td (M.A. )Tj 2.2819 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9418 0 Td (Cannella, )Tj 4.3795 0 Td (A.A. )Tj 2.1119 0 Td (\(2004\), )Tj 3.352 0 Td (Social )Tj 3.2953 0 Td (Capital )Tj 3.352 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0528 0 Td (creation: )Tj 4.0536 0 Td (diminishing )Tj 5.2654 0 Td (returns )Tj -42.194 -1.304 Td (of )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6086 0 Td (number )Tj 3.6284 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9347 0 Td (strength )Tj 3.848 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0559 0 Td (exchange )Tj 4.6064 0 Td (relation)Tj 3.1961 0 Td (ships, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2457 0 Td (Acade)Tj 2.8913 0 Td (my )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (of )Tj 1.063 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.6016 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.7205 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8779 0 Td (47 )Tj 1.3323 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7717 0 Td (5, )Tj -44.4263 -1.2968 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (735-746. )Tj -1.6866 -1.9985 Td (Manhart, )Tj 4.337 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.5661 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1615 0 Td (Thalmann, )Tj 5.0386 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.3465 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 3.5717 0 Td (Protect)Tj 3.4866 0 Td (ing )Tj 1.8284 0 Td (organization)Tj 5.3858 0 Td (al )Tj 1.226 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6497 0 Td (ge: )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0063 0 Td (structured )Tj 4.9465 0 Td (literature )Tj -41.4428 -1.3039 Td (review, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.6779 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Knowledg)Tj 4.4221 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (19 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7221 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (190-211. )Tj -27.0994 -1.9985 Td (Mata, )Tj 2.7992 0 Td (J. )Tj 1.1055 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0268 0 Td (Woerter, )Tj 4.0465 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.4386 0 Td (\(2013\), )Tj 3.437 0 Td (Risky )Tj 3.0615 0 Td (innovation: )Tj 5.0669 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7008 0 Td (impact )Tj 3.3449 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1552 0 Td (internal )Tj 3.5362 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0339 0 Td (external )Tj 3.8197 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.3599 0 Td (strategies )Tj -40.9326 -1.2968 Td (upon )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (the )Tj 1.559 0 Td (distribution )Tj 5.0528 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (returns, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.9048 0 Td (Research )Tj 4.4008 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (42 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (495-501. )Tj -29.0057 -2.0055 Td (Norman, )Tj 4.6205 0 Td (P.M. )Tj 2.8275 0 Td (\(2002\), )Tj 3.9544 0 Td (Protecting )Tj 5.7119 0 Td (knowle)Tj 3.0401 0 Td (dge )Tj 2.615 0 Td (in )Tj 1.6087 0 Td (strategic )Tj 4.6701 0 Td (allianc)Tj 2.8063 0 Td (es, )Tj 2.1686 0 Td (resour)Tj 2.7708 0 Td (ce )Tj 1.9418 0 Td (and )Tj 2.5512 0 Td (relatio)Tj 2.6504 0 Td (nal )Tj -43.9373 -1.2969 Td (charact)Tj 3.3165 0 Td (eristics, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.9544 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (High )Tj 2.2748 0 Td (Techno)Tj 3.2598 0 Td (logy )Tj 2.0552 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9748 0 Td (nt )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Research)Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.1953 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (13 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (177-202. )Tj -37.5097 -1.9984 Td (Norman, )Tj 4.252 0 Td (P.M. )Tj 2.4661 0 Td (\(2004\), )Tj 3.5859 0 Td (Knowled)Tj 4.1953 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.637 0 Td (acquisition)Tj 4.7268 0 Td (, )Tj 0.7654 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.637 0 Td (loss )Tj 2.2252 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1827 0 Td (satisfa)Tj 2.8276 0 Td (ction )Tj 2.6079 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2402 0 Td (high )Tj 2.3953 0 Td (technolog)Tj 4.3512 0 Td (y )Tj -44.7452 -1.304 Td (alliance)Tj 3.3519 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3465 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.174 0 Td (Research)Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.1953 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8426 0 Td (57 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (6, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (610-619. )Tj -25.5332 -1.9984 Td (O'Connor)Tj 4.1953 0 Td (, )Tj 0.5811 0 Td (G.C. )Tj 2.3457 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9984 0 Td (Rice, )Tj 2.5441 0 Td (M.P. )Tj 2.289 0 Td (\(2013\), )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (A )Tj 1.3465 0 Td (comprehen)Tj 5.0173 0 Td (sive )Tj 2.0552 0 Td (model )Tj 3.0331 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (uncert)Tj 2.7709 0 Td (ainty )Tj 2.374 0 Td (associated )Tj 5.1095 0 Td (with )Tj 2.0481 0 Td (radical )Tj -42.2507 -1.2969 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4504 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8575 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4016 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (Product )Tj 3.6426 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 4.7197 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (30 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7221 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (2-18. )Tj -31.9183 -1.9984 Td (Olander, )Tj 4.3653 0 Td (H. )Tj 1.5308 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2393 0 Td (Hurmelinn)Tj 4.4576 0 Td (a-Laukkanen)Tj 5.6622 0 Td (, )Tj 0.8221 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.4244 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 3.6496 0 Td (Percep)Tj 3.5434 0 Td (tions )Tj 2.6149 0 Td (on )Tj 1.63 0 Td (employee )Tj 4.8543 0 Td (knowledge-)Tj 5.1308 0 Td (risks )Tj 2.5583 0 Td (in )Tj -44.483 -1.304 Td (multinatio)Tj 4.1811 0 Td (nal, )Tj 1.9488 0 Td (multilevel )Tj 4.4504 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.3953 0 Td (organizations )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.2576 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 0.8716 0 Td (managing )Tj 4.7977 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1804 0 Td (leaking )Tj 3.5291 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (leaving)Tj 3.5292 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.652 0 Td (Internation)Tj 4.6205 0 Td (al )Tj -44.483 -1.2968 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4086 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 4.7198 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (19 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (1540006)Tj 3.8056 0 Td (. )Tj -25.0868 -1.9985 Td (Olander, )Tj 4.1669 0 Td (H., )Tj 1.5945 0 Td (Hurmelinna-L)Tj 5.8749 0 Td (aukkanen, )Tj 4.8685 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (and )Tj 2.041 0 Td (Heilma)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (nn, )Tj 1.7078 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.4442 0 Td (Do )Tj 1.9772 0 Td (SMEs )Tj 2.8701 0 Td (benefit )Tj 3.3378 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3102 0 Td (HRM-related )Tj -39.6711 -1.3039 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.5874 0 Td (protection )Tj 4.8402 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1906 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.8827 0 Td (managemen)Tj 5.5205 0 Td (t?, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8496 0 Td (International )Tj 5.8182 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2544 0 Td (Innovat)Tj 3.2102 0 Td (ion )Tj 1.7363 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj -43.6042 -1.2969 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (15 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (593-616. )Tj -7.5543 -1.9984 Td (Oxley, )Tj 3.196 0 Td (J.E. )Tj 2.0552 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1047 0 Td (Sampson)Tj 4.1599 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6874 0 Td (R.C. )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (\(2004\), )Tj 3.515 0 Td (The )Tj 2.4166 0 Td (scope )Tj 3.1394 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1047 0 Td (governance )Tj 5.6481 0 Td (of )Tj 1.226 0 Td (international )Tj 5.726 0 Td (R&D )Tj 2.4378 0 Td (alliances, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -40.7412 -1.304 Td (Strategic )Tj 4.1315 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.678 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (25 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (Nos )Tj 1.9488 0 Td (8/9, )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (723-749. )Tj 0.04 Tc -22.4009 -1.9984 Td (Pahnke, )Tj 4.5071 0 Td (E., )Tj 1.9275 0 Td (McDonald)Tj 4.8969 0 Td (, )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (R., )Tj 1.9843 0 Td (Wang, )Tj 3.7134 0 Td (D. )Tj 1.7079 0 Td (and )Tj 2.4733 0 Td (Hallen, )Tj 3.9968 0 Td (B. )Tj 1.6583 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 4.0607 0 Td (Exposed: )Tj 5.5984 0 Td (venture )Tj 4.2237 0 Td (capital, )Tj -41.705 -1.2969 Td (competi)Tj 3.8693 0 Td (tor )Tj 1.7575 0 Td (ties, )Tj 2.5016 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3031 0 Td (entreprene)Tj 5.2583 0 Td (urial )Tj 2.5442 0 Td (innovation, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.137 0 Td (Academy )Tj 5.0103 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.7551 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 4.3229 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.2961 0 Td (58 )Tj -44.1074 -1.3039 Td (No. )Tj 1.8637 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.1127 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.8283 0 Td (1334-136)Tj 4.5 0 Td (0. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -9.3047 -1.9985 Td (Podsak)Tj 3.2811 0 Td (off, )Tj 1.7433 0 Td (P.M., )Tj 2.6292 0 Td (MacKen)Tj 3.6567 0 Td (zie, )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (S.B., )Tj 2.4591 0 Td (Lee, )Tj 2.2819 0 Td (J.Y. )Tj 2.0197 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (Podsak)Tj 3.2811 0 Td (off, )Tj 1.7434 0 Td (N.P. )Tj 2.2393 0 Td (\(2003\), )Tj 3.4725 0 Td (Common )Tj 4.741 0 Td (method )Tj 3.7134 0 Td (biases )Tj 3.2599 0 Td (in )Tj -44.483 -1.2968 Td (behavioral )Tj 4.8685 0 Td (research: )Tj 4.4433 0 Td (a )Tj 0.8504 0 Td (critical )Tj 3.1749 0 Td (review )Tj 3.1323 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1197 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6653 0 Td (literature )Tj 4.1032 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9985 0 Td (recommend)Tj 5.3008 0 Td (ed )Tj 1.4598 0 Td (remedies)Tj 4.089 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9567 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.5079 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1268 0 Td (Applied )Tj -41.7971 -1.304 Td (Psycholo)Tj 3.9756 0 Td (gy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.5732 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (88 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (5, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (879-903. )Tj -13.1103 -1.9984 Td (Ponce, )Tj 3.6496 0 Td (C.J. )Tj 2.3386 0 Td (\(2011\), )Tj 3.6921 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.9458 0 Td (disclos)Tj 3.0968 0 Td (ure )Tj 2.0056 0 Td (as )Tj 1.6299 0 Td (intellectual )Tj 5.2512 0 Td (property )Tj 4.3087 0 Td (rights )Tj 3.0473 0 Td (protection)Tj 4.7906 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8716 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.7914 0 Td (of )Tj -44.4192 -1.2969 Td (Economic )Tj 4.5638 0 Td (Behavior )Tj 4.0606 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8993 0 Td (Organiz)Tj 3.4937 0 Td (ation)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 2.5937 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (80 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (418-434)Tj 3.5858 0 Td (. )Tj -27.7584 -2.0055 Td (Ritala, )Tj 2.9834 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.141 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9559 0 Td (Hurmelinna)Tj 5.0032 0 Td (-Laukkanen, )Tj 5.6623 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.1409 0 Td (\(2013\), )Tj 3.3662 0 Td (Increm)Tj 3.4299 0 Td (ental )Tj 2.3811 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9631 0 Td (radica)Tj 2.7708 0 Td (l )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.7198 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (coopetition )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.1025 0 Td ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.0062 Tc 0.7653 0 Td (the )Tj -43.8806 -1.2969 Td (role )Tj 2.0338 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2331 0 Td (absorptiv)Tj 4.0961 0 Td (e )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (capacity )Tj 4.174 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1048 0 Td (appropriabilit)Tj 5.8323 0 Td (y, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.5591 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6142 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2331 0 Td (Product )Tj 3.8551 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 4.9323 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 2.0481 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.048 0 Td (30 )Tj -44.1499 -1.2968 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6937 0 Td (154-16)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (9. )Tj -7.4764 -2.0056 Td (Ritala, )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (P., )Tj 1.4953 0 Td (Olander, )Tj 4.1599 0 Td (H., )Tj 1.6015 0 Td (Michailova, )Tj 5.2867 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.226 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0339 0 Td (Husted, )Tj 3.7842 0 Td (K. )Tj 1.2756 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 3.4442 0 Td (Knowled)Tj 4.1953 0 Td (ge )Tj 1.4953 0 Td (sharing, )Tj 3.8835 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1449 0 Td (leaking )Tj -42.0877 -1.2968 Td (and )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (relative )Tj 3.352 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6559 0 Td (perfor)Tj 2.615 0 Td (mance: )Tj 3.4796 0 Td (an )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (empirical )Tj 4.2237 0 Td (study, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2599 0 Td (Technovat)Tj 4.5709 0 Td (ion)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.7787 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (35, )Tj 1.559 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (22-31. )Tj -36.1987 -1.9985 Td (Salter, )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (A., )Tj 1.7079 0 Td (Ter )Tj 1.9204 0 Td (Wal, )Tj 2.4166 0 Td (A.L.J., )Tj 3.2953 0 Td (Criscuolo, )Tj 4.9111 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.3819 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2039 0 Td (Alexy, )Tj 3.1748 0 Td (O. )Tj 1.552 0 Td (\(2015\), )Tj 3.6142 0 Td (Open )Tj 3.352 0 Td (for )Tj 1.6441 0 Td (ideation: )Tj 4.2662 0 Td (individu)Tj 3.4229 0 Td (al-level )Tj -42.1515 -1.3039 Td (openness )Tj 4.748 0 Td (and )Tj 2.126 0 Td (idea )Tj 2.3386 0 Td (generation )Tj 5.1237 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (R&D, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1111 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6425 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2544 0 Td (Product )Tj 3.8764 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 4.9536 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 2.0693 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.0764 0 Td (32 )Tj 1.5166 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (4, )Tj -44.4263 -1.2969 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (488-504. )Tj -1.6866 -1.9984 Td (Schoenma)Tj 4.6913 0 Td (kers, )Tj 2.4166 0 Td (W. )Tj 1.4315 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9772 0 Td (Duysters, )Tj 4.4362 0 Td (G. )Tj 1.3252 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.3875 0 Td (The )Tj 2.296 0 Td (technologic)Tj 5.1095 0 Td (al )Tj 1.0418 0 Td (origins )Tj 3.2173 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1055 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.267 0 Td (inventions, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.3433 0 Td (Resear)Tj 3.104 0 Td (ch )Tj -44.1499 -1.2969 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (39 )Tj 1.2898 0 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1.063 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.3323 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1544 0 Td (Green, )Tj 3.4583 0 Td (J. )Tj 1.226 0 Td (\(1990\), )Tj 3.5575 0 Td (Novelty )Tj 4.1032 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (disclosure )Tj 4.9748 0 Td (in )Tj 1.2119 0 Td (patent )Tj 3.2457 0 Td (law, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5724 0 Td (The )Tj 2.0906 0 Td (RAND )Tj 3.1961 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6638 0 Td (of )Tj -44.4263 -1.2472 Td (Economics)Tj /F4 1 Tf 4.8543 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (21 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (131-14)Tj 3.0402 0 Td (6. )Tj -15.9308 -2.0055 Td (Serenko, )Tj 4.0748 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8921 0 Td (Bontis, )Tj 3.2032 0 Td (N. )Tj 1.1834 0 Td (\(2016\), )Tj 3.3024 0 Td (Negotiate)Tj 4.6276 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4748 0 Td (reciprocat)Tj 4.4646 0 Td (e, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (or )Tj 1.0701 0 Td (cooperate? )Tj 5.1662 0 Td (The )Tj 1.8283 0 Td (impact )Tj 3.2103 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (exchange )Tj 4.5638 0 Td (modes )Tj -42.2294 -1.2473 Td (on )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (inter-empl)Tj 4.4079 0 Td (oyee )Tj 2.3245 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.0102 0 Td (sharing)Tj 3.6426 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4748 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (Knowledge )Tj 5.1732 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (20 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (4, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (687-712. )Tj -40.5711 -1.9984 Td (Sosik, )Tj 2.9905 0 Td (J., )Tj 1.4103 0 Td (Kahai, )Tj 3.1465 0 Td (S. )Tj 1.2543 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0622 0 Td (Piovoso, )Tj 4.0819 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.4741 0 Td (\(2009\), )Tj 3.4724 0 Td (Silver )Tj 3.1394 0 Td (bullet )Tj 2.7638 0 Td (or )Tj 1.2402 0 Td (voodoo )Tj 3.6425 0 Td (statistics? )Tj 4.6772 0 Td (A )Tj 1.0276 0 Td (primer )Tj 3.2103 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5165 0 Td (using )Tj 2.7709 0 Td (the )Tj -43.8806 -1.2544 Td (partial )Tj 3.3661 0 Td (least )Tj 2.7071 0 Td (squares )Tj 4.1953 0 Td (data )Tj 2.615 0 Td (analytic )Tj 4.0111 0 Td (technique )Tj 5.0032 0 Td (in )Tj 1.4031 0 Td (group )Tj 3.2741 0 Td (and )Tj 2.3386 0 Td (organizatio)Tj 4.8402 0 Td (n )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (research, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.1662 0 Td (Group )Tj 3.437 0 Td (and )Tj -43.5475 -1.2472 Td (Organiz)Tj 3.4937 0 Td (ation )Tj 2.3244 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (34 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (5-36. )Tj -19.6442 -1.9985 Td (Stenius, )Tj 3.6921 0 Td (M., )Tj 1.5803 0 Td (Hankonen)Tj 4.4646 0 Td (, )Tj 0.4819 0 Td (N., )Tj 1.4599 0 Td (Ravaja, )Tj 3.4725 0 Td (N. )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8992 0 Td (Haukkala, )Tj 4.5639 0 Td (A. )Tj 1.1338 0 Td (\(2016\), )Tj 3.3095 0 Td (Why )Tj 2.4945 0 Td (share )Tj 2.6575 0 Td (expertis)Tj 3.4866 0 Td (e? )Tj 1.2473 0 Td (A )Tj 0.8575 0 Td (closer )Tj 2.8701 0 Td (look )Tj 1.9984 0 Td (at )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (the )Tj -43.8806 -1.2543 Td (quality )Tj 3.1323 0 Td (of )Tj 1.063 0 Td (motivatio)Tj 3.9189 0 Td (n )Tj 0.7937 0 Td (to )Tj 1.063 0 Td (share )Tj 2.7 0 Td (or )Tj 1.1126 0 Td (withhold )Tj 3.8977 0 Td (knowled)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (ge, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0481 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.4583 0 Td (of )Tj 1.063 0 Td (Knowledg)Tj 4.4221 0 Td (e )Tj 0.7937 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8851 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.885 0 Td (20 )Tj 1.3323 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7717 0 Td (2, )Tj -44.4192 -1.2473 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (181-198. )Tj -1.6866 -1.9984 Td (Stringer, )Tj 4.011 0 Td (R. )Tj 1.2331 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (How )Tj 2.6362 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1197 0 Td (manage )Tj 3.9119 0 Td (radical )Tj 3.2882 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4504 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9567 0 Td (California )Tj 4.4221 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4291 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.6654 0 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.7347 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.9346 0 Td (42 )Tj 1.389 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.8284 0 Td (4, )Tj -44.4192 -1.2543 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (70-88. )Tj -1.6866 -1.9985 Td (Subramani)Tj 4.748 0 Td (am, )Tj 1.8496 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.304 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8992 0 Td (Youndt, )Tj 3.593 0 Td (M.A. )Tj 2.2393 0 Td (\(2005\), )Tj 3.3024 0 Td (The )Tj 2.2182 0 Td (influence )Tj 4.1669 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (intellectual )Tj 4.8615 0 Td (capital )Tj 3.1464 0 Td (on )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (the )Tj 1.5662 0 Td (types )Tj 2.6149 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (innovativ)Tj 3.8552 0 Td (e )Tj -44.6956 -1.2472 Td (capabilitie)Tj 4.5071 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3464 0 Td (Academy )Tj 4.415 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (Journal)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.685 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (48 )Tj 1.2897 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (3, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (450-463. )Tj -28.5167 -1.9985 Td (Teece, )Tj 3.359 0 Td (D.J. )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (\(1986\), )Tj 3.4654 0 Td (Profiting )Tj 4.3442 0 Td (from )Tj 2.3386 0 Td (technologic)Tj 5.1094 0 Td (al )Tj 1.1268 0 Td (innovatio)Tj 3.9048 0 Td (n: )Tj 1.1905 0 Td (implicat)Tj 3.4229 0 Td (ions )Tj 2.1614 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5095 0 Td (integration, )Tj 5.2654 0 Td (collabora)Tj 4.0748 0 Td (tion, )Tj -43.3916 -1.2543 Td (licensing )Tj 4.1102 0 Td (and )Tj 1.8922 0 Td (public )Tj 2.9268 0 Td (policy, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4653 0 Td (Resear)Tj 3.104 0 Td (ch )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0827 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (15 )Tj 1.2827 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (6, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (285-305. )Tj -27.4324 -1.9985 Td (Teece, )Tj 3.196 0 Td (D.J. )Tj 1.9489 0 Td (\(2002\), )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.3024 0 Td (Managing )Tj 4.6276 0 Td (Intellectua)Tj 4.5071 0 Td (l )Tj 0.411 0 Td (Capital )Tj /F4 1 Tf 3.3024 0 Td (Oxford )Tj 3.2173 0 Td (University )Tj 4.5001 0 Td (Press, )Tj 2.9339 0 Td (Oxford. )Tj -31.9467 -1.9984 Td (Tomlinson)Tj 4.4575 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6023 0 Td (P.R. )Tj 2.1331 0 Td (\(2010\), )Tj 3.4229 0 Td (Co-operat)Tj 4.7977 0 Td (ive )Tj 1.5732 0 Td (ties )Tj 1.8496 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0126 0 Td (innovation: )Tj 5.0528 0 Td (some )Tj 2.7284 0 Td (new )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (evidence )Tj 4.3583 0 Td (for )Tj 1.467 0 Td (UK )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (manufacturing)Tj 6.3284 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf -44.5893 -1.2543 Td (Researc)Tj 3.6496 0 Td (h )Tj 0.7441 0 Td (Policy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.0898 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (39 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (6, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (762-775. )Tj 0.03 Tc -15.0379 -1.9985 Td (Tranekjer)Tj 4.4008 0 Td (, )Tj 0.6165 0 Td (T.L. )Tj 2.0906 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1118 0 Td (Knudsen, )Tj 4.8048 0 Td (M.P. )Tj 2.4307 0 Td (\(2012\), )Tj 3.6638 0 Td (The )Tj 2.4662 0 Td (\(unknown\) )Tj 5.2087 0 Td (providers )Tj 4.7835 0 Td (to )Tj 1.1976 0 Td (other )Tj 2.7213 0 Td (firms' )Tj 2.8701 0 Td (new )Tj 2.211 0 Td (product )Tj -41.5774 -1.2472 Td (developm)Tj 4.663 0 Td (ent: )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (what's )Tj 3.3378 0 Td (in )Tj 1.1622 0 Td (it )Tj 0.9 0 Td (for )Tj 1.5945 0 Td (them?, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.919 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.8055 0 Td (of )Tj 1.226 0 Td (Product )Tj 4.0394 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 5.2158 0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.6843 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 2.126 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.1189 0 Td (29 )Tj 1.5024 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.9701 0 Td (6, )Tj -44.3838 -1.2544 Td (pp. )Tj 1.7929 0 Td (986-999. )Tj -0.0062 Tc -1.7929 -1.9984 Td (Trott, )Tj 2.4803 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.1339 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9417 0 Td (Hartma)Tj 3.2173 0 Td (nn, )Tj 1.6158 0 Td (D. )Tj 1.226 0 Td (\(2009\), )Tj 3.352 0 Td (Why )Tj 2.537 0 Td (open )Tj 2.4874 0 Td (innovation )Tj 4.6985 0 Td (is )Tj 0.9567 0 Td (old )Tj 1.6087 0 Td (wine )Tj 2.2535 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0064 0 Td (new )Tj 2.048 0 Td (bottles)Tj 2.941 0 Td (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9 0 Td (International )Tj 5.6268 0 Td (Journal )Tj -42.031 -1.2473 Td (of )Tj 1.0204 0 Td (Innovati)Tj 3.4229 0 Td (on )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (Manageme)Tj 4.9748 0 Td (nt)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.2969 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (13 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (4, )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6867 0 Td (715-736. )Tj -19.5592 -1.9984 Td (Tushman, )Tj 4.5567 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.3464 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9418 0 Td (Anderson, )Tj 4.7835 0 Td (P. )Tj 1.1268 0 Td (\(1986\), )Tj 3.352 0 Td (Technolog)Tj 5.0032 0 Td (ical )Tj 1.7645 0 Td (discontin)Tj 3.9686 0 Td (uities )Tj 2.5299 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9418 0 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0 Td (Managem)Tj 4.4292 0 Td (ent)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.8354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8426 0 Td (20 )Tj 1.2826 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.7292 0 Td (2, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (327-343. )Tj -33.4136 -2.0056 Td (van )Tj 1.8425 0 Td (Dijk, )Tj 2.1543 0 Td (E. )Tj 1.141 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9559 0 Td (Wilke, )Tj 2.8701 0 Td (H.A.M. )Tj 3.274 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.3662 0 Td (Decision-ind)Tj 5.8678 0 Td (uced )Tj 2.5016 0 Td (focusing )Tj 4.0181 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0134 0 Td (social )Tj 2.8134 0 Td (dilemma)Tj 3.763 0 Td (s: )Tj 1.0276 0 Td (give-som)Tj 4.0394 0 Td (e, )Tj 1.0843 0 Td (keep- )Tj -42.7326 -1.2472 Td (some, )Tj 3.0756 0 Td (take-som)Tj 4.0394 0 Td (e, )Tj 1.2189 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0905 0 Td (leave-some )Tj 5.471 0 Td (dilemma)Tj 3.763 0 Td (s, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.5449 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.6071 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2118 0 Td (Personality )Tj 5.1945 0 Td (and )Tj 2.0906 0 Td (Social )Tj 3.0614 0 Td (Psycholo)Tj 3.9757 0 Td (gy)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 1.7716 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 2.0339 0 Td (78 )Tj -44.1499 -1.2473 Td (No. )Tj 1.7291 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (92-104. )Tj -4.4362 -2.0055 Td (Wenger, )Tj 4.0181 0 Td (E.C. )Tj 2.1756 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9984 0 Td (Snyder, )Tj 3.6993 0 Td (W.M. )Tj 2.5583 0 Td (\(2000\), )Tj 3.4087 0 Td (Communit)Tj 4.8543 0 Td (ies )Tj 1.5591 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1197 0 Td (practice: )Tj 4.1811 0 Td (the )Tj 1.6654 0 Td (organizatio)Tj 4.8402 0 Td (nal )Tj 1.6087 0 Td (frontier, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0039 0 Td (Harvard )Tj -41.6908 -1.2473 Td (Business )Tj 4.1811 0 Td (Review)Tj /F4 1 Tf (, )Tj 3.6354 0 Td (Vol. )Tj 1.8355 0 Td (78 )Tj 1.2898 0 Td (No. )Tj 1.722 0 Td (1, )Tj 1.0205 0 Td (pp. )Tj 1.6866 0 Td (139-145. )Tj -15.3709 -1.9984 Td (West, )Tj 2.6787 0 Td (J. )Tj 0.978 0 Td (and )Tj 1.9063 0 Td (Bogers, )Tj 3.6638 0 Td (M. )Tj 1.311 0 Td (\(2014\), )Tj 3.3166 0 Td (Leveragin)Tj 4.7339 0 Td (g )Tj 0.822 0 Td (external )Tj 3.6993 0 Td (sources )Tj 3.6992 0 Td (of )Tj 1.0347 0 Td (innovation)Tj 4.4504 0 Td (: )Tj 0.489 0 Td (a )Tj 0.7583 0 Td (review )Tj 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TL 0 0 Td (PAGE )Tj 2.5118 0 Td (""2" )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 417 0 obj 13390 endobj 439 0 obj <> stream q 0 0 0 1 k 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 10 0 0 10 172.006 719.887 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (2\r )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 9 0 0 9 172.006 279.383 cm BT /F0 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td (23  )Tj 2.8346 0 Td ( )Tj 1.6063 0 Td (  )Tj 0 0 0 1 k /F4 1 Tf -4.4409 -1.3039 Td (Paavo )Tj 3.2503 0 Td (Ritala )Tj 2.9733 0 Td (is )Tj 1.2031 0 Td (a )Tj 1.0331 0 Td (Professor )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (Strategy )Tj 4.2079 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1984 0 Td (Innovation )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (at )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (the )Tj 1.8646 0 Td (School )Tj 3.5276 0 Td (of )Tj 1.3102 0 Td (Business )Tj 4.5228 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5007 -1.222 Td (Management )Tj 6.1984 0 Td (at )Tj 1.1653 0 Td (Lappeenranta )Tj 6.589 0 Td (University )Tj 4.6992 0 Td (of )Tj 1.1654 0 Td (Technology )Tj 5.5244 0 Td (\(LUT\). )Tj 3.0992 0 Td (His )Tj 1.7701 0 Td (main )Tj 2.4882 0 Td (research )Tj 4.2519 0 Td (themes )Tj -36.9511 -1.2221 Td 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1.4992 0 Td (R&D )Tj -38.1732 -1.222 Td (collaboration, )Tj 6.5763 0 Td (science )Tj 4.0252 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0835 0 Td (policy )Tj 3.2 0 Td (and )Tj 2.274 0 Td (innovation )Tj 5.0772 0 Td (in )Tj 1.3165 0 Td (low )Tj 2.041 0 Td (and )Tj 2.2677 0 Td (medium )Tj 4.1575 0 Td (tech )Tj -38.2866 -1.2221 Td (industries; )Tj 4.9952 0 Td (and )Tj 2.1103 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (management, )Tj 6.5449 0 Td (including )Tj 4.485 0 Td (the )Tj 1.7827 0 Td (topics )Tj 3.1118 0 Td (of )Tj 1.2284 0 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.2661 0 Td (sharing )Tj 3.7102 0 Td (and )Tj -38.5007 -1.222 Td (knowledge )Tj 5.1653 0 Td (governance. )Tj 5.8898 0 Td (His )Tj 1.7323 0 Td (academic )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (work )Tj 2.4 0 Td (has )Tj 1.896 0 Td (appeared )Tj 4.6803 0 Td (in )Tj 1.0646 0 Td (top )Tj 1.7449 0 Td (academic )Tj 4.7181 0 Td (journals, )Tj 4.0567 0 Td (such )Tj -38.0661 -1.222 Td (as )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.3354 0 Td (Journal )Tj 3.5401 0 Td (of )Tj 1.115 0 Td (Management )Tj 6.1543 0 Td (Studies, )Tj 3.8929 0 Td (California )Tj 4.4725 0 Td (Management )Tj 6.1543 0 Td (Review, )Tj 3.7732 0 Td (Technovation, )Tj 6.526 0 Td (Journal )Tj ET Q q /C3 cs 1 scn 1 j 1 J 0.0001 w 48.2757 690.673 m 90.4139 690.673 l 90.4139 673.673 l 48.2757 673.673 l f* /C3 cs 0.55 scn 90.4139 690.673 m 534.276 690.673 l 534.276 673.673 l 90.4139 673.673 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 48.2757 674.623 m 534.276 674.623 l 534.276 347.771 l 48.2757 347.771 l f* /C4 cs 1 scn 184.588 654.773 m 52.2757 654.773 l 52.2757 655.773 l 184.588 655.773 l f* 401.94 654.773 m 184.588 654.773 l 184.588 655.773 l 401.94 655.773 l f* 471.638 654.773 m 401.94 654.773 l 401.94 655.773 l 471.638 655.773 l f* 510.42 654.773 m 471.638 654.773 l 471.638 655.773 l 510.42 655.773 l f* 530.275 654.773 m 510.42 654.773 l 510.42 655.773 l 530.275 655.773 l f* /C3 cs 0.1 scn 48.2757 347.971 m 534.276 347.971 l 534.276 333.171 l 48.2757 333.171 l f* 1 g 9 0 0 9 52.2708 679.181 cm BT /F2 1 Tf 1 TL 0 0 Td ()Tj 2.8346 0 Td ()Tj /F0 1 Tf 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/CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <20>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E> <00D0><00F0><00DE><00FE> <00BC><00BD><00B1> <00A1><00A2><00A3><2044><00A5><0192><00A7> <00A4><0027><201C><00AB><2039><203A><00660069><0066006C> <2013><2020><2021><00B7><00B6><2022> <201A><201E><201D><00BB><2026><2030><00BF> <0060><00B4><02C6><02DC><00AF><02D8><02D9> <00A8><02DA><00B8><02DD><02DB><02C7> <2014> <00C6><00AA> <0141><00D8><0152><00BA> <00E6><0131> <0142><00F8><0153><00DF>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 481 0 obj 1676 endobj 478 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /HelveticaNeue-Heavy def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-166 -229 1093 812} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (HelveticaNeue-Heavy) readonly def /BaseFontName (HelveticaNeue-Heavy) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 132 /Eth put dup 133 /eth put dup 134 /Thorn put dup 135 /thorn put dup 136 /onequarter put dup 137 /onehalf put dup 139 /plusminus put dup 161 /exclamdown put dup 162 /cent put dup 163 /sterling put dup 164 /fraction put dup 165 /yen put dup 166 /florin put dup 167 /section put dup 168 /currency put dup 169 /quotesingle put dup 170 /quotedblleft put dup 171 /guillemotleft put dup 172 /guilsinglleft put dup 173 /guilsinglright put dup 174 /fi put dup 175 /fl put dup 177 /endash put dup 178 /dagger put dup 179 /daggerdbl put dup 180 /periodcentered put dup 182 /paragraph put dup 183 /bullet put dup 184 /quotesinglbase put dup 185 /quotedblbase put dup 186 /quotedblright put dup 187 /guillemotright put dup 188 /ellipsis put dup 189 /perthousand put dup 191 /questiondown put dup 193 /grave put dup 194 /acute put dup 195 /circumflex put dup 196 /tilde put dup 197 /macron put dup 198 /breve put dup 199 /dotaccent put dup 200 /dieresis put dup 202 /ring put dup 203 /cedilla put dup 205 /hungarumlaut put dup 206 /ogonek put dup 207 /caron put dup 208 /emdash put dup 225 /AE put dup 227 /ordfeminine put dup 232 /Lslash put dup 233 /Oslash put dup 234 /OE put dup 235 /ordmasculine put dup 241 /ae put dup 245 /dotlessi put dup 248 /lslash put dup 249 /oslash put dup 250 /oe put dup 251 /germandbls put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤)pOp@GRƪDR;fa>1\!Bak [UR-@_bf|GviMy 'GtQE`S <{!S\cfU_c1FS4ګ`+#z0&ca-BPFRup$V.ۢOͼSsQehQn @ȁ&kX oKFT;ę JT #t9sxK P teR۩z連W9M"Fیˌ:8YԦG :㐴SȲX6T*|VC*-$D{\|^e6EU¯=}܉wX+4J3kЋG6+x. In6/2.}$H́+a2uȧc! qPI D/w55H2m|+f0;-nq) z2V}J1Ff:XA9ծR|6w/W)/o ճ2|twaK%l;n3 S0,BŬ_vɳ´ f|7 "?Ά{a:RiUa|RњNWZ=CZu !#[]򻏼q).Dygtx?9eW.ǀ5c&4.4{y24~M:Tε|%`B*`!YN@̏ߣAK>ޠIT>ZqF[MuiHr  mw7HP k B+|&Aa{5af+r^s5/oK_r9E2brTy%=`0rѵY7)%ʭB%(JG^*s. \j XPE+wmB>% A."?VxZ|2BC! f-a)8Yb̿CQRa*뺠/6(K5q<q-2O⭈2Л|$%J4 _ & )h\o i#5s4Ęnt?̕:T4!poB@, ͑[({=>9f~z~x";H°J}< ;c| `(L&q"WED4r~:k\Mhl~HU|qEEit\yEAi{#*<ɿ$H×P&+91W)ku!M g0zRDMH;kpw_ni ҅lψi)nbw7#h mff?#KF(ieEjڴnu'uFR0<bǸˀd*:/RΞ%sZ5Ѝ.r*IZȺ``db(Ѱ#jO܁i#CW:jIѿ+  BI>w tY*Sۆr JٴI E3ֹs3aUDeax@jz E6pDop,UVr87OQh o^X6%3kD\7~Y.cFHN5şs-ظ!cEYEEb1si T氱mFpԹTMPz1̩?tg NYІƯxfܪP @](^R6U1Q7>'wN_VFgMV]6 N!^Q"dd^|؀}mj1-PLlEKJ];sҏ%=2'&7;~_s;ZA" tҫ؅Wr"RbXe|7nʑ0zknrS˲E_ &o-5 ⴞܽyf_ʯ'{HzMR x\kTJpp^r?Muh$atjE;/5gu3&3ԃt7f0Q֎~(!imث籩J!=ca@rz?_OB# lcG)@6c1ZJHEJ'@a>S>6_b@[- 'K5#+$@hfK&F{1#A~+G2,zirm0Xbm;ϻ8#F>!=,o}nVI""Zܽ!/ʯ}b! F<3T1U$oY\˻k2ؘr0أz,lOal[yȆͫ'失r@;b 1;əsE YcY\vאsy]EAnh0Ң@l '=]b#7A˜rǏ5ӳ[uJ]JB&w!\Z_#O]J\-[4 tr4S!3W&?ZKNJ;{vk@W\\IveqQBs!UQk,ℐB]> h|~+$wqmYflA+GSFIgUߖd:)B\+d%ёȆu1>+;Ukr)g7۫Yh"C/_n` x >㘘k=D0:d>.3Y_}u(xO[TTA))48Yv!*1QE#'z@N%ٔ 32~aO[yp C. ]$N@L??6K] / !D| 񀤱 Ɏo\]9L}¨I$fN{N{,5Dm+WTIcjByyQ3|хp`X#莂(R3)2u O Z~*>Q{"-O|gt4|Q<7H]vLݒ'mCLm햪h徴=v#o__TOdJU1?#Vu݅~GTl7#f@ ;onukO7sGHo#RŸU&:OfA O=let]Ge >Ī"lPq>Y"u,}wa˪OACWSlA+gh'÷Azp,3p|?'_g;3˰'R3Z9آ Eai(r]f<4\G^p'!W._8fQLdYQ=!2'&e,V>;h[-$h"@9+bm]d5G&C^StB%5<`%FMf9k;<\PE.g>w~a7n)دV" ƪ4 &Ϲ@J뙪bo<akt)SVp-׻Dm~OUD~q}IwH@ʨXTN],? N! 1O5!ZIi3.:eaJ=\L3My lLm WSoQs $^ 1@KM{tuvVtD^T9vo'8[2G4P@8JS;HEmǜ bHAQ^Ź<Si~%Bzʖu Ѷe$ll&y||ufkw Dnc&"C%KZMT^3ƕ#t+Wtcr|@<:0w$nI ZjنNQ^Z lI['+(8N*Cxwx /8$w ܇=Ϯ\$S2I9$j60ӾqaH*L)UqfjJxp5{(DţK>$I:4=hܚ'h75=Noy]XXѼd$aⵧ{B%-c 6dS}-wbhhXd hLr9񵸠3UFKg35'?Yn5`^U-͂k[n\bG◜ny_E<٦e;;#ܨ1Fo,{BGCbĀ9.NфhgHe 6=lAN]~enȘH별R +<XSvdm;szˋ7Ed %BH*=n1?9Ve:j*aٶax:"H1 4o0+JGX׀E l*ȣd]4dchpDpsNӝHg7sbDJT]SCY]fȶWdzl]P 1D$uIo ֗LkuFtr^I}ZQKU:QOVۚ9Jw.]ijL)0͋U\ k>6_,mP< 㧕(-ETTK$V >1ZBVyyxVI*J2?{2a kqC@BSLE5!7|W97*#;lkfWzkeGv.}Mg߰<PkvzkL3hqah{Q>p@sC_]҉\Cy)&%^8 2 5Ƌ!ΗK6y R<v$t ;]m0])1K 驣kr aVl{/YXu#ԨS(ڰ^2f$*Yr_()9$y2sPL" -*^@jZ ߘ#[;%/d7s҃g+oCFv/d{s[3S$BiN,}G&Qmr?+SJ N';_tB >u8^"zqN? 3GM>Xs~sNKo:Ƈ۲M&:nFmje```PSXNuHac4 \V:'= }wh@[:l.vB ܽz:ށUQKŃၝ \mF@[`7ɡJp3I/EE+LH'd}PY'BUӜvHU ΢B#_ nTԾwA$S0EAK9Ma_Vy)JYJ7Jß~⃠F20K<HBmrC8hEDec|KP Pw~;m)^6xdaZ]/98cfǝ"2lb%ulsrN ױ/%h o:sRh ldb\4WY.&X;>Ό1-3cqEs{xLIj{L śt@ϴyg{B08q x+;JPO D| 9e4P=!\ sO {c\v~$V'~P0{RǐN 7j53l&X6V*3~Sb+cTom^(Q_(AP7Ѷ; _{=(p% / WuԷM}nS1O6#e<hV"}(K<mbY =gP#!CP7L`VBHăʅv~CCO, )o<*'&}8>ƀ!m6ǫGi>e+K-vFӸeMp-ܶ$4Ib%\8H>7` ؍־?sQ,"[XWӌymS5ʪF(ٵ}642CqРSO9&|QUۥ!3RQLʇt|OF#0|8Uˆ\Qx(X&v$1&h򭑧mk56=>MU`$ux8AC#1KS6(/]iYjcy{n#<;6bIGJlKS;/u,uXfgmzܰuy$bK5O `2$q^'fc㐻>2!,hExֳOϓ Rk\) %#z]i~3ęYbAq0`KUOS~usi+V]!lp{Q[H"pL݆=2N$dϥmH1JCca=:3o$q6Djcvp͸WEgWx:tQA8lTrli-3bCT=M.b:L]PnyZ]N 4:$yτWԆ;6@-I%JaR$T"B> IS 8z v7et\OifL\_?xw5*MMS ]I!k8DBi)~P]kNec2xRhCVz/Qu W:{ #$E<%.`r1b&W´;F\rka?uw0`-6-I|W3;э9Z/8Xrdvf~n12C3ˌȬmKT21S`o㤗NMmhTs}6acRP|/nQg`O!(dX|!2 єIҪO= GS5P =u09dYbܴ_d&H9&M)HʃqDP"iԟF!XnDp?4}tK_<}ڀw։ύAAs@aiTf'5o-\vk!ښ(#u Z!5JlT(#i̹`Xq٬-)S7IDoŦBqy`&cgFB^ҲyES&(^(pUϐzo2)+m`/ّ3j_DVxFmQ+Ⱦt*Jjմ!v"8*l\] 6\2ХNXy8UjP"eZeSXE+޴PpneYM2TFU4Mp LB,GESR%%/~ Šr7k4e'츳22吲8(P_ ҵx _*?@U8;ѓ lNdŲ4^;a`/ubֵR7;JOC:hK-P/Z*""j-f$) 0PK;ݪ/ԄbAM?v>KaVq:a}7.+H7dr<ܡC)+hӏ@"g߄Ҟ%tK2w jn}pTqp2<=wIUV] Cgpp߱S?ԠF_߰P=EY  5} b64_3t|^~W3N.S9'HU1}ҬT&"?4`p`F8fH"x!Ey-F)iĞ1y!:Oݞ3Ԍ:Qy@$#p&Ѫi7{ܾߟj,2ՌjYǀ@B1 gL~7}r̔Abzc(3N:'K%e@_{i%cT2jY3ͱ X}3$l!^g?%gEKX'C05h+Tu4ǏWgϛQUmi9S$R&l.tvO"K閵Ͻh$9ռbҾ}*u?.K!똝B$Y^< [N/d@&-3uiR䊈v3A^J@e0 ȮKuԲI1I9Cv:f4HbG;?]垌ޫ"~fWӑ6M;v[uKخS+M&k%As>y$N@2#d$ t]) R" zJu_zUOcMoO2ud ȩ7k|YJGT/?QaD_'c ܾqPW[.{zVo-OEeTqXVVV&[.X`"aX *Gꜳ?0/YnWD'&z $QcB3"2H#f6'huQ~/ L]&ԭi*G,$-G#{?yǀ3;z׼_q#ʮ(T"n>W_q}3-*2Cl\Tlpn W á?V;) (y9fJY ]99QH"#6#=g \"xI࢘4Oo"!/UkTֺ0&0d۟-=i1l<r?p!MMk?uWu̜:t?Kx B Cm4 +F+\"l>j5;=:Όodd&eTI(:K_s,)JcCgzĞ a 罦jZ%i+swEU.} Y; x+q xje,ֲKo:XJqxw^:b>Vbu Ёuɸ=hƞ0 S>Or`Mv@ߙ{*$4dG:MQP F΀ٻ~N`4"(3Լ}+g|ϙvc7uq60s x as}GU"TŧXˎ̚qELjφRٿB04ʖGjjg0)/W9v&)|-+&Kd{ ~'Ee@GljQ:tMTe@(ѐn? ~J13yꦄ*v͙k*"CvDLn~iJ؊ `Bxcic U=ɓ Ċ5hZݝizcr`nR"+k 8&-^'ώ*!l>9ӯw]Bп#]ᴹ!{j.ƔC3.EuJœ,! 0Y:ooDN=?G >q h4Sd`a= wOB6Pcs{N&6JTEn.\%amOkxUc}9e"PƔQ³M57|*=MrC\{hu.{їV9Oo2uW>̲6Bܧ60=P[?4+` 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark endstream endobj 485 0 obj 18377 endobj 489 0 obj <> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 31 beginbfchar <01><0050> <02><0075> <03><0072> <04><0070> <05><006F> <06><0073> <07><0065> <08><0020> <09><0044> <0A><0069> <0B><0067> <0C><006E> <0D><002F> <0E><006D> <0F><0074> <10><0068> <11><0064> <12><006C> <13><0079> <14><0061> <15><0063> <16><0046> <17><004F> <18><0076> <19><004B> <1A><0077> <1B><0031> <1C><0054> <1D><0062> <1E><0049> <1F><0041> endbfchar endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 490 0 obj 650 endobj 486 0 obj <> stream Helvetica-Bold0n >xVM m001.007Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype AG and/or its subsidiaries.Helvetica BoldHelvetica"%'*,05BHMSZ $OXa& ;Qp+qx_ju w h }=} ZVgEw:>>x((7bAb2JK:j'-r.Yb'$zh b&‹6*v6b*9*jb*b*:9*rU<V*b*rx**b,,b*]Y]]Y::]g**v@U8!7b*g nEk;‹{*mm*}51 Rx@t{7ыÈPmpux2~IV#^ꋸxmr+z}JLcMpeŶŔ}& , }$FLr)12h<7}\ |bOvŋ2 &L# 1aZui} $`"VrsGD!̏͢Th"~:7H@@-\W-}& ,$} b ua1 #1L& 2ŋɠ|H ߩ56-dRyh ŠߋL^ ʤq< ‹+  ]  :#&cOxk ܻId } $$T##3TT3##T$Gw-wϟ-Gc@  |$X<7Lr)12iw nV2 &L# -dZqa;⟅  Ɵ"6kWnU}$H *#:Z'=[΋2wzhC3o$"a */XN׋gis r8 $C'F] R4} #, [  ,Mq]`[ OՋëx@ )0S'r*$$8;!@8)*$$j(0X~BoXYxba,  7  endstream endobj 491 0 obj 2714 endobj 494 0 obj <> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <20>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E> <00D0><00F0><00DE><00FE> <00BC><00BD><00B1> <00A1><00A2><00A3><2044><00A5><0192><00A7> <00A4><0027><201C><00AB><2039><203A><00660069><0066006C> <2013><2020><2021><00B7><00B6><2022> <201A><201E><201D><00BB><2026><2030><00BF> <0060><00B4><02C6><02DC><00AF><02D8><02D9> <00A8><02DA><00B8><02DD><02DB><02C7> <2014> <00C6><00AA> <0141><00D8><0152><00BA> <00E6><0131> <0142><00F8><0153><00DF>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 495 0 obj 1676 endobj 492 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /Helvetica-LightOblique def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-156 -208 1104 770} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (Helvetica-LightOblique) readonly def /BaseFontName (Helvetica-LightOblique) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 132 /Eth put dup 133 /eth put dup 134 /Thorn put dup 135 /thorn put dup 136 /onequarter put dup 137 /onehalf put dup 139 /plusminus put dup 161 /exclamdown put dup 162 /cent put dup 163 /sterling put dup 164 /fraction put dup 165 /yen put dup 166 /florin put dup 167 /section put dup 168 /currency put dup 169 /quotesingle put dup 170 /quotedblleft put dup 171 /guillemotleft put dup 172 /guilsinglleft put dup 173 /guilsinglright put dup 174 /fi put dup 175 /fl put dup 177 /endash put dup 178 /dagger put dup 179 /daggerdbl put dup 180 /periodcentered put dup 182 /paragraph put dup 183 /bullet put dup 184 /quotesinglbase put dup 185 /quotedblbase put dup 186 /quotedblright put dup 187 /guillemotright put dup 188 /ellipsis put dup 189 /perthousand put dup 191 /questiondown put dup 193 /grave put dup 194 /acute put dup 195 /circumflex put dup 196 /tilde put dup 197 /macron put dup 198 /breve put dup 199 /dotaccent put dup 200 /dieresis put dup 202 /ring put dup 203 /cedilla put dup 205 /hungarumlaut put dup 206 /ogonek put dup 207 /caron put dup 208 /emdash put dup 225 /AE put dup 227 /ordfeminine put dup 232 /Lslash put dup 233 /Oslash put dup 234 /OE put dup 235 /ordmasculine put dup 241 /ae put dup 245 /dotlessi put dup 248 /lslash put dup 249 /oslash put dup 250 /oe put dup 251 /germandbls put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤)pOp@GRƪDR;fa>1\!Bak [UR-bȷi~!ګz-.PMT ?@@!>śH_=&~ܶ*)q"PIA:f /:QW)3vXhT* bg$@3oSٴО$ ":hJ8So[>Fn$hd5˱M&[]J$4Э~ P;W#k%)fyM4fP`$9G6IVGQQkٴT{InCdԯ3-ssW2eXG}ciȱI"fA/KM#%da$ 4ɧnuOer bDc.:4 ChW=W羄Ym}aaҸ܁ s7 e5uG? '#|3F߆pq$w|I)[V.vJ 4 x3MB-.ZuGJ$K7b&nSJ䒈C;|قv)uH}V563rUoc?O,HٿFј!e Ž-JO!JpiV@_`>[ׁkC}@nkKY@Jݏ\PnIH{: 㩠$IT)TەlA^? {}WsX̨4"^J@ˀrE43TS'wj/N=wPش 1u&jK#?N| #a&!=BQŞ$JFՂ?ɩz1jgKx&ܑ~TWG[OokL.VS-HTF20RW}&{$l<moٞ@)}@g{qWmj+ҙM|nCu蟓*N^ndKFT5U 2J*lmhύӀ]zT`\fazT@T>P'= } 9a#k,Fww>(U;}Is0ԇ`襧+jf+wW.rYy]h3eN_ft6 EKb.BPi%ب.(tFiJ.z9_q#(*[ʅQby?yſU(4e1} nİTTx~l ap ;>; IA;G$ bzz}$涣dZ&Mr$D\0`+3=9ş:;{s[` !YVooM9|#l)ymJMz{K\iDˮ-4X𜰜 Vnv_yf~C "j*w]3}] OB6mYB`!NY=Ro[$-D;в iKk[LyuX͜=&b衔31RW0ז(ztT>{n"ѓ|@9oF:&;-̎h,(OӀEkB'eSqv%˦u)8Ee%ej q c`ޑ[.TcySI(b]bsk~ K(OWSNN4J蓐Ωp5ϜbsiI$ 1dӡucyYI(:ʧ~é~ 8s-$Exؕ~.RL<-DhG,ވz HJ 00Șf!=9kٱnɆfk#e.ҲKXy%Wȡ;u)ziH*~;BĢe9{6-F' ֺg0!mЏiƚ`Ilf#SoB"s-?f(oU-AFU7XW]D( =oЋ٥t.JǷv$pW: W~,kޖ&=߾]e/ZKk,_VIbexۉHw:=\ cb3*yg5=wrx!*G5x{ %о?讬ƀ~dU{mN=y\`q|⦼h\}'!-4A(Ό6&^VɃւTo #P$wr6O{]P nIΝ`"cGg >s LAF>RH;ocHlʽdphiy94a$w'x'aꛨŹ>OR<[=n/0Q3⮁. Yj؜݅/d*rn#qX(Xr鸒qFTmQܵW68!dqnox_X7ȋlгiq߱_fiMzKVUuw ks2W=Š2o(~maS|Y7|*.AK0 plӔqk; FAMe 삠qb͖KCH#Ѯ !~dWvf4;zqw6J+ 4bs.!BaU/2H?i(7XhpY댁%F&A _݋ Btɐ5m*h*pWo#gBۑj "Nŧ!g,y2it<*C9KQyԑe\5DBp iٜZ@ *l` id}'ִel+խ>5 D" 5.a2 Ъ0'ӋF#$?[ duȑHP>;" GC4BGcWw/9yp֍[k륁1/ 5W`~!sȩ0x BHi |3̷xCS ?`i烏o26)Xi 'ZBABz:T#nNF7id8Kç)oUABU~hk쨄RϘ,'8.#91зօ:;L w3(-=nR7'( 6xy9M@cw2xc |^vtM;{+d)qqi-*_r'bvVx.Z i~l3Sp=HJ1 IQͪH4Ѵ\/heaTBiluV8|D0/A=;V7^44R\%!ŕYx!in=Rrt;-PSO8Ywx+w4=GGmX@ _˴ǵE(I!H/C`:tAQ"~g2VE13YH-ƄT7eg;en)4RF0$r|2f&Xz( N 0%.+!'~(2BG-I \+7][QL#;wl  EO~&I\D ~Eʬԝ *WlFܼyQq&OQMģ1s>,fq;X;->=R v`F2 xc Tɏc.A~}t!qK+ RF/ 1(4b Ł% ?Z}n9^F2_WidۭEIB38ؿvl ;]B,$7f흮GޓWՇ\vW$rQOǰ6 Cs-pFZ[rs طc/Ƞ'@`D^`XKA;=>!b,~w n )3˂WK:H 6UtRkI@/j?e9f dVH -Dܖ`Bztpw',65*3)5|b lc3|RH}+ BZ 0Cn6l醙%E (U<[ ` 4SQS}ͅR&M6ySL띠n~H5ښu:+%a@CwU\o%AA4P`LFp?b=FM:h݂5M'b*ex `uՓd(UDy3a WsֈV:Ru;#bUC;/ԁ^_wH,}L1ݸ cb9GEszBo_?ؼ,qNܗyzD51zӿ1jz[lC(V|bL4[u%D&ζOeO.pGVFZPX k{-sJXì⚎Ͼ&6+7n%y'1ceT`ߡ|!iRplG~oS%ecBib I"9W7йԼع\ɲ[Z}chzg+}mx 6;`p7Uii0G'RRGT-dR@N}f!C)+iΧT:OH0vAlֲlqg_ۓ€",Fte*#ܤWATρ鼄3cYx*aUϋq˂+2%̆š G@h !77#Rr \&wjIs-9{drdљp<$uOh9lYYlV i;.߾وmfS檬0pcÝ|J9{jJe'8 %֓gBBfF(ZF O>iR?Oo|;m⑴~bLckZ ] >kjXp3U;J7E NBڌAI(3(]f~ȌΌ v?;~edH;[>!*Zߺ;cxEJoab\.CQܹA\P.|k!].bO6ßha2,[*u;t1gOIR_)[2v\O|Эd|0N:<^0"5,e< UCʾ’<؟}Y\E>DAD튦75bCoF?SW5EyzJc7BgôFNJU|WgPQA {puu62ʊi.h!hVcad/0k3L"" vQI,dNta:O =W>b@W[=G"/w bS|h0wR+X PnmTxPiUJ@[+)DRO?3,&%#y=@%+!=LzqKA{0$lY($qfl84އɴd3g+Wj<wc6 T67R[zcXSl@*]D>W 33!"5M` VBWxc1f#%+/ j&Ԟ8nf]'/N(_Ⱦ/:dw[Jy"\sʎ˧ҭէC$m'Ojlk05->Z ޱ=%>LW>NOWb/.tjsZA^]3MSD |/6=I5U@ۛ/-&kuqo{N߃L 3>v9i*\|{}:UHB_Qj fLhd$b6%{n20#,xPӤEW/@e|B8I'WR {Z,{7r66vHUS}h mG2Yq`TO]߉\ 6 %Z͌0@(?]s2Ba\!ϜUb.MqX]?sjoaL*T{;|OWǜǭc8XK`^I NKbr-nPp%CD]wO+rI+*%?U#G *,Pa h~]?V}Ί =gp.?B@e~KDnډfmLĎ>+|A9U┊<%r +$E/LnG}E`MMN7D8} Ce%+1g$f-9ۖYR],SBQTzH]44ge>h|V%a_!2N~X; n*4d 70,~N,:.Q1y[zֽqe<1c]t^X"lN|^Tӹha-|!d+bl?R}{;AYS*o2P^ɫTXJ,P.nG.FJUD jA BK+bY-xZ75R@b0M[KU_ĤMV5梘K=fvx묯Bkޚa6ҋok6 FwI!, ܆3qyf=ìeSC%FB}^9=9_ ? 6X^́Gscy(/U,ZЎ8͋ޢr^v='jhpo$ ֋/smt5|mz9o jF2ŧ'?P+i:zone~֠_jG6U+.a.>{`כ W{mG K0{KW RC+L-zK!8ZMYꚽw\;Ҩ=y&: ,(ż=Z/_R#%HX}jxWBv^(uAqU*h0$~q@JԚny!lYVa _T:cU[9Pm&msW[:( B{}om^B)MO7n9ncr¢ Z[)a'Gx^{˿>wAD>, ZrAhfEe60?A)J3a S *]bXnwD[z1"^#mۉ3`,[2trN*u=,K~ʔD\Z\;UЙ*#-T{oG,6F|"ZʡHn;{zs(J+FL]Mr/Cˡ.}yѻL칳> < _XW/2)C:sk)wcl׍3ʑ;l#M/ pbf-.tcZS׫I|2n"{W=\]Mrezh8ZU'{E(t;w_K>Ƴ⊹\謇.f~Vu W篫gE*?VuPM ųa "TVC U83Z-kKSK حnT(mDr U+g`[<4%D<&+IY \`jsJ0o*hr8aLO_hĠSvV͟d84%68;Báj.KW+#s1Ɩ"UP}jH$rwXܒA=(M~_j!Q$gMCm@מ/8(6ZVa0(7u&f;Z!:px#r(|gu(҂t_ą5dԨ!8!CwǪcn '.s"v+0w`6'zVN+r }3(H\-5,U; K_LekpϬB(T]hTk O22ܥ?H "J,"825`~:቗T6Bpy$;n ˂0ԬN 2-o)_C0lj i4B N]L"CcU%񝖘7/ݰ)|5%tC|;( >8>$@0!-?ќc9 RcArV)Z[!;=ʏ86bEsDLJ˶ZHhVzB$]h3-~Jx{-\3OvbxqBI%eN &Nvr\H)ɤwnu K_ 㿣jfJ)_N%ŸGHM}l#4u#e X怉9=BElѽLRf&P0MjM0AEI I-RhE*ec =B>^*ҁrVD@!zKܞ7Y548dCZ!+C{ͣzP33QFi!*Z5+gep2218f| ŬQ[#ōo~[M1% G17!fe_鼟z$PF{/T~ˢTP &|v2VfG\a)٫<%>HfvU\}LȂz@p1~p/`s+eň #UrS܁tm..UMPCw&$FsfH;Ke{^N| E05h}:X.gc7}\!@~&>>F`}b ɳLlrՊ ݘ(!v|C ̣P!ڃ 0wzLo3cHkcMOCJq#_Qcpum}`ƹk 'psӵ]"‰8\|ZZ%6ĦRaz݋W:*h JÀFԸ<}Xy,iDy! Rʮ N̕8EYE_S=J7Ng3[*.07Jza#5g,Ȓ&̞4ox}H#-ytˉYgTBzn4­A- 7ɧhb7i!@Q8c}`Xױ>6 lkVZ<ՇfMme E+v`E6pXBƛ_EN mSikP'A6JKWζH@t*e?Ƚ&M8/#_ǑDcG1TQ~EȽÒ4tfN5Ҿ݁fJJuh"Z biX/ыF$`66̤Jܹwg^fCNͥi)@غq9ZJt/m9Frfq`dodrokrV]Z!ig˶$o>r"y" w#G@OĠau Wѹ&D!pBXmcə5Y1uǺU`_c>bTиGL3*rnwǚQXQ,&);6ՑXq9Aj,zj!3`~ԏ +ӐѰPen%m+w!O Ojd~ 01ELC^`'TsFύmUP'Rg3,j'~ k;~g})ti3b qy!z EdzCbJ b / U7tB [0ZIHlIbw)3)>|C {@N;nFgC#.mc~[q 7cc`Lg$Sw߿)4.)YǛ30000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark endstream endobj 499 0 obj 18648 endobj 502 0 obj <> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <20>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E> <00D0><00F0><00DE><00FE> <00BC><00BD><00B1> <00A1><00A2><00A3><2044><00A5><0192><00A7> <00A4><0027><201C><00AB><2039><203A><00660069><0066006C> <2013><2020><2021><00B7><00B6><2022> <201A><201E><201D><00BB><2026><2030><00BF> <0060><00B4><02C6><02DC><00AF><02D8><02D9> <00A8><02DA><00B8><02DD><02DB><02C7> <2014> <00C6><00AA> <0141><00D8><0152><00BA> <00E6><0131> <0142><00F8><0153><00DF>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 503 0 obj 1676 endobj 500 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /Helvetica-Light def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-156 -208 1000 770} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (Helvetica-Light) readonly def /BaseFontName (Helvetica-Light) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 132 /Eth put dup 133 /eth put dup 134 /Thorn put dup 135 /thorn put dup 136 /onequarter put dup 137 /onehalf put dup 139 /plusminus put dup 161 /exclamdown put dup 162 /cent put dup 163 /sterling put dup 164 /fraction put dup 165 /yen put dup 166 /florin put dup 167 /section put dup 168 /currency put dup 169 /quotesingle put dup 170 /quotedblleft put dup 171 /guillemotleft put dup 172 /guilsinglleft put dup 173 /guilsinglright put dup 174 /fi put dup 175 /fl put dup 177 /endash put dup 178 /dagger put dup 179 /daggerdbl put dup 180 /periodcentered put dup 182 /paragraph put dup 183 /bullet put dup 184 /quotesinglbase put dup 185 /quotedblbase put dup 186 /quotedblright put dup 187 /guillemotright put dup 188 /ellipsis put dup 189 /perthousand put dup 191 /questiondown put dup 193 /grave put dup 194 /acute put dup 195 /circumflex put dup 196 /tilde put dup 197 /macron put dup 198 /breve put dup 199 /dotaccent put dup 200 /dieresis put dup 202 /ring put dup 203 /cedilla put dup 205 /hungarumlaut put dup 206 /ogonek put dup 207 /caron put dup 208 /emdash put dup 225 /AE put dup 227 /ordfeminine put dup 232 /Lslash put dup 233 /Oslash put dup 234 /OE put dup 235 /ordmasculine put dup 241 /ae put dup 245 /dotlessi put dup 248 /lslash put dup 249 /oslash put dup 250 /oe put dup 251 /germandbls put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤)pOp@GRƪDR;fa>1\!Bak [UR-bȷi~!ګz)Rw?V9sHVpD'Fq 7l4[{w03P2)PހE0#Ga#%>O+j5CqSTiD$X1vn~.埫 [Tzqhj:dܺvpzg'իt뙩X,/P&s S<>ӂCNJڳ2Y^[FX&',bj38*!5-)x0CS~,> d&\g=Fۘtݧ5xUQfẎ 9pT{DS=S ' @Cx B7"6 7bȘnL4E6/]0q{0Rn[zckL#[ D109Q hSlCiҚUNa=p7oL t3~$ah;Ozg'naiBniq]ud7,[׉{( w3 ao\!.t FV\Ig Hj\3[YRLR<1l{2wô! ,x|+4v{m^cx=UjWjl'+ꬓ1VeDu4q?]jIB3Pg˹E0xԂd+#LGkCrD{')e|Sa `:ɄP>\I@ .ף3t }t@@BhCJiK Zu@K1ȿ]eƱPYh|@l0ìh]OvDQi%`F@' Klpp;#f;xܟ2LS IP7j1+Jp;H {kQd1r`!膷.Zh"/[- 򗇧TF8|xTJb$,@Gſ-Piǽϙy~džR}og_a?YiL@ uk?Ctx`L!`+Xlr }r*Kvay  8%PhhB^ ZԊLB9{S)V hOrwi8XI~AӖK2P9YY.WB5$s1 9E{%HĤI /ݸN=aH|SF.tCOlܣ߹QU4J'T^:AgXY\8N - X+` x!vf8gI+Cv[l7 ^Xp}D[,o!秖6P+RVv3m_- c5Qwo`'lD.ncӰlp)cSX RG*,)dD;arHʶmJAqUȠT?Ȗ4)d9 L(N '&<,PZN!Z{ïbE2t^W."'Rf!=.{2EJ]Ӎ6 -~hhsTioBC}K^ /*5(F,շX3$(-}? xG lANbR`O9(}Lzhk:_x(8!BԐsޕh w-(~;@6Rzy]|;8ljk,tk6 !un u::pZ0*mY]`X2Y]mn<5^q嬉ZBہV5f-NKKt(P-w߁𙐀,$bfܶw,V0r 0Ꞷb QNI &I "'Ǔ>N֢MJSQAK~tp[J(Iɰ*zb{ʰeaHH 3[^%nXyE+[wOG~ SX+M9`7E\BKTX-Xt:#fTy#NhVyq?HD;llg%+N\ #d(uA׬"1J`mfL20ԑJfmHKO9/Wk,,bK 3a.$Ts?8O^ТPu$4CkXx:&K&'>04 1]}I sPF͐|WZ4(Ie\ȎIVF縁2]T'D9"딯ݞ^$0٭mr~{}_E^,Q[ѡ r(NEƠz:rڟWM/]JӤ|i2'ʟ_=9[\)oj&L* uHq8<54tI"֒-)N#a*_Z5'դ#9งk{}p_|yaL=YxvsQ =mWg^FVŵ{m`bL_+fIwLbH2U?<[Lݦ - @܇N>ɕV+B>cBC>] -pʀV>9m SĴ_-l;( 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Y^$d^SKC;GPe@\LxW}Ad cG*VDR20֞$)D /&+fӤmCsΈG@ k7.ذʫq"t|-|)J{v@\w"ty5;"x3P ay=镽-.jvY‡ft#}F.&5#hO>KziRFl`Qnk+bk<;)aYȊ:rҠLZ~|7E =2>(M>M讀0+rHgyaۊ ߢVITꏲ﬜zA)O2$[^`YkYP/H4YbY~Ė$*)Vw}v2w XgkmxJ.r-=IL-l)9(aZJ&_RW"vbcTYemoU~OPx3SvՀ, 赊z- t.^p6vTCMcXQ7v] -ݭu'f&?f˥V||Cc4FK xyV?7EvC@\zF-.aPb4Gf50Z&is ^~T &=Ft!zhU&z&Cxi*xOt3P=%a ˨kC-XPn^ƽ{r; Fs=N K,M" 05\+gw7vZ]ņSts`NY$Bycנ|Nc'mgt4(!ޕ;]܃HXlW9@TX @zj9-hN| 5B֙tX&NC ܒnP"e$EֈLuVmd(F[[,?r{WdH`(DB nv0p5܋!τm a.4RMyeɺn?i]A[xFeҽ{Rt8VE/MK!:]urhq]r0k{3K J54LsZ 1"9  Np,E3+͐z#龴/BGU^liwDX7-^Fz;zܽPG=4uxa7TZ.DiQ+HQKq 6;2 bϺ0ǒR/;lx㴊?=} v ?S;"q_tg^g t. !ǀ:QAsB(dÐJ9t5E_qM%䁾M=4'"rt]ɍg~c\[;4\iY(^ihCxtq bk pzE{9 OMj P^ݏhE$5 HCS7QzԻDdj(1Ӛ?#ң>wf.U;:)sQ[s5 3ݧE0|+pa:DoYlڍIȪ#4]7{d\{D8/jV?\KFPB#82f1$e,H3;<: x +d\o*!G'@ae=j)e$_qju{KJ%дiTao>7Næ/n%UW سe&\5&cqgh0:n\P[<ϐ׆2īt*9pOvԴrG48_m Xеfc,XU!(g69ԣ&mNTQr\+^ppqF?[cR~{i8xOOeÄ/PQMU.rSznw3 $myz5Swe;kobrG lU_9H }ͱ&zCd\zdG>o[mGO"ab< l=u@ w_0 [Al74wDAТL=9 6۸&DG%dKf{*}g-MW\I@ZXN,i Ss8 Y*u N@iKQiwyAxc|ei_(鶻xL)Xl 3#| ]1͚KX{3?9~,ElA?f_vu +b ɸ#T_ 24@=zTVKacFk&խ^'3r 77"i9VVhFph%AdY:(?$Y=xů栓=䏔ƙzҀ,3)~Bi1],iR7 훵Be\'=Ԇ4{YiTڿc{}uG-2q?cVEc3.A_+-#YW6zÎfYt(՟h 0yxJd㯉 oC4εǺC茛- βN0uɓ<6tV!+F'c/e)~k˅D.vUltc:mwһE:;mB1ĭhiVˌ VWGL֖Պ Z)ɩPk @&F06vĄ*y51mںsIik67+L66$mu=F`{=_){MOYDLWU؈T z"!JI.(`,^As'|l IM,RͫX<S'2b8"-#g]]K:8IJYL:t\Aŕ/!w d i۫/j&("xKݵ2>H5B94(IV[{Bǖ)gcuD@w5h8m8#]-ޑ6'm6,Yuo9Z~h!v%_ XA>~Mc.T뜕95jҰ熷a>Nk':ݣE{՚V ocRT3d=mlۼyU(Զ/]r> [v[<) tD nk[k'vr {\:C:oړP_&U/Uy=0 ; B3,f%_%]8C7OK]_+L͔i˥okG[GI|V%% DdzĆF”\&hG~!=Gc!\o p>XBH,eb=>Uj0JJIXw~Dd;AF1 s`7a==gS

> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <20>[ <0020><0021><0031><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><2039><003D><203A><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><2013><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><0131><007D> <00D0><00B5><00A6><0022> <0027><00BA><00AA><00FE><00F0><0142><00DE><0141> <02DB><02DD><00AF><2022><00A4> <00A5><003F><00660069><0066006C><003F><003F> <00B4><0060><02C6><00A8><02DC><02C7><02DA><02D8> <00B8><2026><00B0><00AF><02DD><00D1><00F1> <00A1><00BF><00A3><00F7><00A7><00D7><00A2> <2020><2021><00B9><00B2><003F><003F><003F> <003F><003F><003F><003F><00E4><00B7><00F6><00FC> <00C5><00D8><00C6><00E5><00AE><00F8><00E6> <00C4><2044><00D6><00DC><0152><0153><00DF><00A9> <2022><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037><02D9> <00B4><0060><02C6><00A8><02DC><02C7><02DA><02D8> <0038><0039><0030><00B6><2014> <2030><00AB><0192><00BB><00B1>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 511 0 obj 1694 endobj 508 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 %%This font is a conversion from Helvetica-Narrow with the following copyright notice: %Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved.Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype AG and/or its subsidiaries. 11 dict begin /FontName /Helvetica-Narrow def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-125 -218 812 927} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (Helvetica-Narrow) readonly def /BaseFontName (Helvetica-Narrow) def /Notice (Copyright \(c\) 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved.Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype AG and/or its subsidiaries.) readonly def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /one put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /guilsinglleft put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /guilsinglright put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /endash put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /dotlessi put dup 125 /braceright put dup 140 /Eth put dup 141 /mu put dup 142 /brokenbar put dup 143 /quotedbl put dup 144 /quotesingle put dup 145 /ordmasculine put dup 146 /ordfeminine put dup 147 /thorn put dup 148 /eth put dup 149 /lslash put dup 150 /Thorn put dup 151 /Lslash put dup 152 /ogonek put dup 153 /hungarumlaut put dup 154 /macron put dup 158 /bullet put dup 159 /currency put dup 160 /yen put dup 161 /question put dup 162 /fi put dup 163 /fl put dup 164 /question put dup 165 /question put dup 166 /.notdef put dup 167 /.notdef put dup 168 /acute put dup 169 /grave put dup 170 /circumflex put dup 171 /dieresis put dup 172 /tilde put dup 173 /caron put dup 174 /ring put dup 175 /breve put dup 176 /cedilla put dup 178 /ellipsis put dup 179 /degree put dup 180 /macron put dup 181 /hungarumlaut put dup 182 /Ntilde put dup 183 /ntilde put dup 184 /exclamdown put dup 185 /questiondown put dup 187 /sterling put dup 188 /divide put dup 189 /section put dup 190 /multiply put dup 191 /cent put dup 192 /dagger put dup 193 /daggerdbl put dup 195 /onesuperior put dup 196 /twosuperior put dup 197 /question put dup 198 /question put dup 199 /question put dup 200 /question put dup 201 /question put dup 202 /question put dup 203 /question put dup 204 /adieresis put dup 205 /periodcentered put dup 206 /odieresis put dup 207 /udieresis put dup 208 /Aring put dup 209 / put dup 210 /Oslash put dup 211 /AE put dup 212 /aring put dup 213 /registered put dup 214 /oslash put dup 215 /ae put dup 216 /Adieresis put dup 217 /fraction put dup 218 /Odieresis put dup 219 /Udieresis put dup 220 /OE put dup 221 /oe put dup 222 /germandbls put dup 223 /copyright put dup 224 /bullet put dup 225 /two put dup 226 /three put dup 227 /four put dup 228 /five put dup 229 /six put dup 230 /seven put dup 231 /dotaccent put dup 232 /acute put dup 233 /grave put dup 234 /circumflex put dup 235 /dieresis put dup 236 /tilde put dup 237 /caron put dup 238 /ring put dup 239 /breve put dup 240 /eight put dup 241 /nine put dup 242 /zero put dup 244 /paragraph put dup 245 /.notdef put dup 246 /emdash put dup 247 / put dup 248 /.notdef put dup 249 /perthousand put dup 250 /.notdef put dup 251 /guillemotleft put dup 252 /florin put dup 253 /guillemotright put dup 254 /plusminus put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤'"M8ddx&!6ܐw@O4G F=yO3pNp2i:9/!5zБ9ep{U )ň~?4|MպO\ NNz$r|QNRa& (MNe-=# p] uR5~ьGdTMPW.1bŷ(WGU&\&9ǭhu6eَ-0 erj5}T7{k_{̚dz^ӰA vcVS/=q4&h[B0dy FVyU!q8Ks՟xy~wq'Xdjޘ\2"v\$];7XK+,<̍<ɜ 9pT/-*6Pm?1!C0/+ȘfjŷZr.FQŽMƴ|7B; QU$1qJU}!b`F-;j%H $6,K>1:Λ-d2 y͸C9HN7]߶Dz|]Q#k) d\}WVgKb]^6͎3W]=vMnOgX*HUb‰,WAw ZC(BҶj;@WO4/x]KubxBcc!cK2FZ?䐋KKN``Ѽ H&fOPA2v*s%SC&KM?=\T[k}-GW+u0arFG, zϋQ'1oQ9]V~jk8-mpRȨbn6_ؿЉH2ӕZB>7j,Ca9!mƶi7>LSenZ Y`f;:4{\旞me(+  **R&g%-{3t Fm8 1t^Gˣ̜]4 br z/4Cg_%d-3;v/SQAlqSN,}obs4u@Jnj|: bkR2wm#l|g>(Q:qV.[+|n}u-pbgS%#ݢ4B;X/Cg=@š7%gdW_ϙO,7@Y5Ws<*>24gVbAS+f;`y.תTżO 87z٩)o^FǬflW |}Z$tB \ўN:r@pUQ`p r[=_.DdJCX[AwH)|gh4 R!*DkDyxZ2EU!<%xJlNԍؗyzF{H'gcGZ^yÛجII//QYOgh8v{{+Os!uNsGh8F 젬:YX-g=WC 6钗woӡ(s:F_3cOB5m%}?Ԗr; c[ ,B>x,L:-u;*F mƟl41ٷcuIp95܁@O"s{$Sh>~uX}b:Kη {5?VB޾#_93BȦU_ո^{Q+#5{NUN9Qov9JAA.+0#=l^z_"WMjd?C(ag 4#¢VRB򡄶<`i]u@vUd*U>1V M])Oŗ Q. IJ4W Rz"}}r X(O Po ăHcTLX"ͽ&Rr6D 0G oA^p`9u wMW-+ A0{8=TZs; !$308j./]0LyR3>nB.اӔ,K|PP\װK!;H!\Q㪙Hv nOuS Ã|™c ÷,:pUҝs]l.٤7Ql۾}̒H>ӚVZRJו+bYUNw+޼M{#ĬSy"\")Տl!~ټ߶>\? K~A/Ab9sȗcϵ?= & 9R16罹>Rgіt+a\whDCtr]tU4q:2@2mG"CX«R}lOG) SzNeb'{Lj324yfed+._T>HŠ‰SoU/aN~Uv }+U +O^OB/UjfNr  gczFz&+ h$J~Pi%H bc7F(X(M Kgީ)+?.t́H}> &3_51V_dHY7N&%18'!o@r&tD/!y \e/U0]S'DnÑՁ2DVFozo%]:>= XiCչqQ XU@с$sioQQeQw~eSѝ@#cN٣t\yj'a͸'zEr켻̘)E1,N^z,bJV4[ZNU* V IEGTQTadN͇]_R7 hd=љ}ػiv%6[E _ݲ9P}t1w_UЕ. y}.Z&OKKSOEex޹'u;<#5=P 0r B(n[6Zx#>pU~N٬kTӨC"`/; I 4y(ǚ!sA{t4gPF+ASG>yf$Ax+#u&L.;&F?:71غ5pv,Oړx_~8g^#$@IP% z\!)8B&tKYrV+xI_mr0k&v25'zFp VuGNo®SU!O; 2]KqeN{ qe|N:4'kn:-(FGhD9mj6 w6ҿwFvGM8'puo<3_@坴ck(lM'D늹 HmeptYY0gQgY銚(h*WSV5jOqt&P1λ9#F8wIB;=Nhf"9!/#F.( bjRѠa@a8+fzOɃǧU&//O'",Z?Iy NNDe2/U^h(Y@)y[#nqt/fIm,_.32ꢺ:p?>UlMTfc$a$*Ͱ+k>?_}S+ev9B=IޏĀAxZUvF,B)\JII:)К MzBFht繂b) 2-bxL$]iQ5v6r|ېq0~t0/t4u@XHda^SAeJp͕6J/`%XWx +(O R8f34(lp7zjT{!<n}g%ĺyW,O 86 )pW ,hlpSO&x4WE1㫭-aOo*h3c\hE+Sqp#͎ߛ5IfӃ(ᇖy齴>9(I]s>+ ]bN]'2t3ex+TKd]wCޏFld^ׅ\8(S ( |d%h'dpeMk>QoDWj6?Yw1HHU!ʀ"R#0_̼!::AJh,~h(D=/Hw&Dd182~6FPA`R'ztPfacs(f`$G'% ;lK\{.'};PNYzc~A o9eٱj4]]rI꟠abJE^#lqrӤGX;n-=%>UI29IW4lBǺ.UD]"o %ndps flb&,snlE0yCijT} IV`I A`fr [mt8}׀3 ̖4m&cZ urq̜0[:&Vb>d4|@͝KmXX x{zfǃ"墙Q29t~:DӲZDdGB~ jeOALi XeHKwJƿ;cQ,k>n 2c15LAc $dh\N F(^yBP+AMߥVz6 LR|GlCGF8$ָ'AYIQdq0V/YMb\/!h@ &/ڛrdڅgݜ8AfQ yH{}{~[Ѐ_+[9i_%Đ:tڝ)T@n}z?W`wȣ HDSOBmܯSEIה4BZ#Y<͆K 02%x}%]\?קLˊJZc7n Sk< -xJ8%< PyA/GɕގAv;R}r(%Q{|0զ޷ ?K#)Ц6M2"+H_ڣ@fLjg/kZyӠo`*=XdS|/V(:Ş[_[>+MA]CY=.-UlPçvGDSSB/(NDĿuW trQ1и6o)9, VQISarF1[O?Z," A2B)1S K)IrdBvV]YUhr!֞L`,菨`[Rw[mGzMzbt4,#~U}iYAfXuzcʽ?Oh5GSGN% 0WݻtQ~<],r,)l6䕬p -/CNA[\ rN#)ay ȾiPTk>YpGaƍ/FUȱzWwE_*S?9#C\?oa^vƻ}S5yca^;?mkȘyFCO'baaXsAd|)SV_[b6Nͤ@r[7ؖY6LӵszH1roU/A21${v&1>QkXw**o[_'~]$]l9w?:\FbqjxϼcgX@ P gJB`˿IdMZ>gq/p =@1UzH\jV}֢`G;j8ҒraԺq+)+-Yҟo<>US}]ɡFv徉_"@=5HMo;i@J6Q"Ty7iY |:sWֿF>RL LRDccc&r}jzL\#eŔ3{ J+9e1աōWs@xsICfb2/c+Ѱ}'. IJ?Cpln*Յ#IAX?#i7|+f^]X)s}iB90Ǯqa0M4"}/ %e5# O7Wwuwt-Ṙ,+6JȠbvh%5g@ \L .[:Kns2uo>u*ba޲V_Bn L\(w;XMzf1ƽ9'hlL,ѐ>e}Z3rvpRNyzd};ՊgsnEnqao+vL0'p uN=>ܮ텄ʁ BIX0{3b 35G%#ؔ\4dG毺#;MTalYmwr(vp/OpFhUC\G}4uW,l2ר&X 3ơ3Ghۂ9,O9k~25p 'P7 H/~ʅb-fQt ;ZK6$-W6LDw4?(XKº{,:h#$)!-U%_'Mj%5-yiZ6ի20q =sBxL,Gᅯ>~1~Z\g_y)Q0ȗb;:jIᱶΆ^="\r>\0p#L{$+nЋP=8 Zt9`vc:GO]%x* @iiE3&&ͬdB6x<0TEyMiD$ L#8FCb;ȷzjkdzɆb*Π^9~*Vv}.͜ d/UkK*BVb$E R bÿpj[p0ɞ_+5YT6զ'Z}〪1ohpQONmbʱv-FaI( Q%|04 _hxy UftLvޡKc{OY6f_X_qG9XhUے:zˀ2ht"JXM%"q{ޒ0mC$)oO*S}`8.Me݉.E>Iui1`o hZmms8dڅ"gI `[ ݯܺ.޸|{IHL9S+Wzx(*><;b/y tUëX͙A-MMMY1\:os@3f`HLzp_shs-z}#I\tF&}UVKv =vjЍZl?yм0d6-JҰ;OE9i&N*>"qϾgܯt#ֈ;PF"3mA]Cr{l1P?9}OjP^i%6fV5CͰAUC%鵇b˵MekO`KBsM&rFy^3ڨYaN_Oh%@r׿쫑X_py.'}k`PB*ixh <o&h$QF[V{*,r֕Ϳ} Nf!zR5 fJ.y-0@ZX?F|M] nqm4]$=ޣ/@UWvRjO$‰ZZ SÒr/IGOHi"2\h [v`)BWwYcJ'吗6%醰$yk(]; k}7= kDr(}d$wӓX.*nU/' 'ʩ/XfZ?8axWTAq3#96ea$'H}6A`Z< 7;UHݚCخbxIl$&nbJ[{s*`n|/QVuIqL8rD{C%-=0D3 RtQ/WC庽eL*7Vn(ai d]c֛RPaODd >*Ndk wU!-Iq:V| 4Vy)ޔ ˃^m}߼Ӡ6϶(c(5ԜT+Mt֗-Ki"'͵u2źrD8i({Z1 6`Yg[3V+_xXĝ菣wz2"b!Nw<؟@l3Er:TH.O-#= բ 0]Q9kSgP4ʏmq CB~'88Zka{1-`#:-& 5ݝS/dIlWާ_bn6FcҖ";qAK=56{[heڛLEڦ 2*61dIR`q-tg[gdR̚2qR(7)gȿ@ho[Ohs_k\gFB1828=!tRWlH2 K gcL6i4`%@v(ʰ"zu1y+H1HǽLV"jBEӈNn3 急3v{yQF=h41&:q b:20Tqh#1hH{ķpaYv[K! ĪvRGkO F+27,'W}}MXV[Ywbq: OMc~ǮWFÈt'Oͥ(?c0Cx6'7Bٌ26w0l[jN֧! ~] |y{瞗TKCE2) PI_MMdMi_`.܃%4)Xcą^ ˞j Q hsF:Id~h#G@ss=2eqQ*(̜oNr,̮vUL 2` # 7)1^$_=1RsLc /z;g|hiU,Prrd/t-X?-@p!DF%qi+Ώ`f:kV||(+znF¾[T(t_ l {>i',Lk4h$iبGh3OGuU76AcD斡bs`}|9cGDfv 4z2ؠ+vl 幾E_Kq!~ dQnw=GnMRدxGvaz:4sh^!)V4jx~+匎+@lfj.4Tg`_{5(`ŪD>f{EoG=2We^,4ۋD |Gܝ4iHM@I '-[]L[`Н_Q/33:e/so_}ۡL̢ M|b/BF苹50ʇ.%Y $F ^l-Kŝ &TaE RdnrFj.cpo[>F1cn#8s&YNvKA}I:^6[;"ǽ]9G9=/`iF/3;; ,Xj{e;.&iQ9K q;-^LnOo:jb*@Զ: :ha"9 I@iJ [n+%&ǭYܤA[̚ rE7!-.8Nhl͜Fob{D0ïo3*AZV93WaV$ȒlCo)M.|j4yx')[r99P)y9mV'(鼆^y`I< iI2d00 >,o)Z>5p0<˅60h⁒>Jzcglx\bn,:jrtFa7|P8CLUF ]MFѽ;] ĂiĆ氁EO\}D{K7EB?2fPF Sb[968/thʵQ 2Uk05n㯓C)@MKW*A."t/O.,w_R;e3+ÑeBeuvb`E;懄y NJEV*qNſ+)(UmzcN5y:ۇ>_XG:1N!|xe~طޙ; Iw?k 쮝_"tO(Dmq}3Iyb?{6xҚOgk ݰcHvjMeE}RP'l2$"THs@8Dgީur ND~xABKSÉf e%oMI͈#}LdO) LFL-f }E盥د:-ؒN$= P RN=DHE_y$bt$,҆Xl1ʞwj ?^6IĀ?Ŏ> PKrX/,wᲶD'U]{{Ebaǔ:8f$`jhXjh%7/!fd:l0ٱf #{Y*-?!q]5RѸmz+#ĞpjQxu&NDqF쒼d'h'9" NtpX yAF&].=n =`5 ?3HJLl3LmU*yDMf̐d: OLI&3#<ʤp~9~C\Ͱ5]Vs ";P~2xL$>)';iW`ۗyufqBuDz!;7GI{U}m(q2@'~"7$ڮl^pa3kyW>+ ,^^ HuPVAg(!̊7Ghp(E <!.C^(<25c(Q5fΘqFUazm+bFCa]Y6F(!Wp"ma* A")8 LZ@>oaq?!T8Sŵ2*rJ 3۷'I"{p䘠n#.leb\/.h`]ͮ#L5 2ET+4эXVp@Ve2r sl=kz GmCJ{i݆Pǐӑ{&r`YAU"c`f[E7DПbrHv# 'Ǐ@&-D4~'G? yXZG?շk/ 4cJihQǿK^vm-iϖ֗eIx}@ox@O^6*#-& (nyD0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark endstream endobj 515 0 obj 24456 endobj 518 0 obj <> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <01><8A>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E><20AC> <00660066><006600660069><00660066006C><00D0><00F0><00DE><00FE> <00BC><00BD>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 519 0 obj 1185 endobj 516 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /TeX_CM_Maths_Symbols def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-20 -958 1114 770} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (TeX_CM_Maths_Symbols) readonly def /BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Maths_Symbols) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /C0 put dup 1 /C1 put dup 2 /C2 put dup 3 /C3 put dup 4 /C4 put dup 5 /C5 put dup 6 /C6 put dup 7 /C7 put dup 8 /C8 put dup 9 /C9 put dup 10 /C10 put dup 11 /C11 put dup 12 /C12 put dup 13 /C13 put dup 14 /C14 put dup 15 /C15 put dup 16 /C16 put dup 17 /C17 put dup 18 /C18 put dup 19 /C19 put dup 20 /C20 put dup 21 /C21 put dup 22 /C22 put dup 23 /C23 put dup 24 /C24 put dup 25 /C25 put dup 26 /C26 put dup 27 /C27 put dup 28 /C28 put dup 29 /C29 put dup 30 /C30 put dup 31 /C31 put dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 127 /Euro put dup 128 /ff put dup 129 /ffi put dup 130 /ffl put dup 131 /C131 put dup 132 /Eth put dup 133 /eth put dup 134 /Thorn put dup 135 /thorn put dup 136 /onequarter put dup 137 /onehalf put dup 138 /C138 put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤(HwK7X 7 Mr:E%]3<Ӝ$wrAQ4ADt%̏>E hAجm*pu@>#6aZi}NRmƼ% ,Og X' EX?ڞ\ #JEG<IXS}Eh[ş8ї48ٶ.w4bJ?_nfulqD?둓\C%+'˜ { L9K7isW+ӕ(6oɧVҺlS;5K Z%.oQՕW*9Qk_S +B-}%lYC@WP0b\KKdi>t,n_S['9`-z+cڦEb#c@;yɸoAT O_H~i -6ϰ豟Ae&BF+ wNX!= hhUF 8(hZ6pgJc m'9dx*^wXc գ<.쯶c l n)/LvXY2jbF:ȸ3'>\Ȥmzj,!:ZK'(q/ -&&S ؤ-bmKQSxLGu`D3yԱKaVMU§%iq5%s2SdR#ho45H.4TdՊ a<K>BqG- Ao, (e&F2gG`z8*༠& x#B B;8!93~T/ 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All rights reserved. This software is the property of Linotype GmbH, and may not be reproduced, used, displayed, modified, disclosed or transferred without the express written approval of Linotype GmbH. The digitally encoded machine readable software for producing the Typefaces licensed to you is copyrighted (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 Adobe Systems. All Rights Reserved. This software is the property of Adobe Systems Incorporated and its licensors, and may not be reproduced, used, displayed, modified, disclosed or transferred without the express written approval of Adobe. Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype GmbH registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and may be registered in certain other jurisdictions. This typeface is original artwork of Linotype Design Studio. 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EvT | S@e׏ b . jǟ |w ^ = F!GI!FF!I c ^G L~vw:i!l zWk`ƀ  Z [  vrFw }wO v^w < > stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <20>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E> <00660066><006600660069><00660066006C><00D0><00F0><00DE><00FE> <00BC><00BD><00B1> <00A1><00A2><00A3><2044><00A5><0192><00A7> <00A4><201C><00AB><203A><00660069><0066006C> <2013><00B7><00B6><2022> <201A><201D><00BB><2030><00BF> <0060><00B4><02C6><02DC><00AF><02D8><02D9> <00A8><02DA><00B8><02DD><02DB><02C7> <2014> <00C6><00AA> <0141><00D8><0152><00BA> <00E6><0131> <0142><00F8><0153><00DF>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 533 0 obj 1696 endobj 530 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /SPSTimes def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-83 -239 1000 718} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (SPSTimes) readonly def /BaseFontName (SPSTimes) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 128 /ff put dup 129 /ffi put dup 130 /ffl put dup 132 /Eth put dup 133 /eth put dup 134 /Thorn put dup 135 /thorn put dup 136 /onequarter put dup 137 /onehalf put dup 139 /plusminus put dup 161 /exclamdown put dup 162 /cent put dup 163 /sterling put dup 164 /fraction put dup 165 /yen put dup 166 /florin put dup 167 /section put dup 168 /currency put dup 170 /quotedblleft put dup 171 /guillemotleft put dup 173 /guilsinglright put dup 174 /fi put dup 175 /fl put dup 177 /endash put dup 180 /periodcentered put dup 182 /paragraph put dup 183 /bullet put dup 184 /quotesinglbase put dup 186 /quotedblright put dup 187 /guillemotright put dup 189 /perthousand put dup 191 /questiondown put dup 193 /grave put dup 194 /acute put dup 195 /circumflex put dup 196 /tilde put dup 197 /macron put dup 198 /breve put dup 199 /dotaccent put dup 200 /dieresis put dup 202 /ring put dup 203 /cedilla put dup 205 /hungarumlaut put dup 206 /ogonek put dup 207 /caron put dup 208 /emdash put dup 225 /AE put dup 227 /ordfeminine put dup 232 /Lslash put dup 233 /Oslash put dup 234 /OE put dup 235 /ordmasculine put dup 241 /ae put dup 245 /dotlessi put dup 248 /lslash put dup 249 /oslash put dup 250 /oe put dup 251 /germandbls put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤)s'{L`U(!HZ ֊ A*9>m&$Ed~5Vy;F5P;S{ - 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IFKʑɤ! qg vw|&ȭgQ!gȮg6({ sX}s%T@Q,Vf/axB u{Hw AHQ2^Iao tU.$D7P RN|rkDGƍ/ 7i~0?]iTYlO,=&d:PS.I*5[h?/Fu4l,`^^D<3b ܚ+u[6of Ld-ȮX]-ºJx9 J7$\^ba>( mOa+:,ð$GX製9d#cF!v(S+%D f s @ j@[;ltl+Ƞ Uac 4PU^ܼp}H"JA0ǔI_9]S0 )4-avjl;06q7ǻ`Ya_O@ԺaoY7v6rekw5#e٣KAYw~m< 2Qͨ 7B{=$yg٘nȥrLC-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark endstream endobj 537 0 obj 22434 endobj 29 0 obj <> stream 28 0 30 45 31 80 32 125 33 207 73 360 74 593 96 716 97 844 121 967 122 1007 123 1053 124 1099 125 1145 126 1299 149 1443 150 1475 151 1516 152 1662 173 1818 174 1865 175 1912 176 2034 197 2158 198 2205 199 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<00A1><00A2><00A3><2044><00A5><0192><00A7> <00A4><0027><201C><00AB><2039><203A><00660069><0066006C> <2013><2020><2021><00B7><00B6><2022> <201A><201E><201D><00BB><2026><2030><00BF> <0060><00B4><02C6><02DC><00AF><02D8><02D9> <00A8><02DA><00B8><02DD><02DB><02C7> <2014> <00C6><00AA> <0141><00D8><0152><00BA> <00E6><0131> <0142><00F8><0153><00DF>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 543 0 obj 1676 endobj 540 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 %%This font is a conversion from Helvetica-Oblique with the following copyright notice: %Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries. 11 dict begin /FontName /Helvetica-Oblique def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-166 -218 1114 770} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (Helvetica-Oblique) readonly def /BaseFontName (Helvetica-Oblique) def /Notice (Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its 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[1fp-Z"NmںB:hWPʛ_HٲN[޺])L=MPz7+c#8G2@qpceDL2ChY$%/H^|#Nhm?xқDM(،eW8QV{f%&nܨ= ܹR-MhnNͫ]Vs ۇedU\x26>' vB=dDR"pl1=X?BONkNIu.k֎d|b>͞rF4(G9rLSWm/[1Ja&ff`Y!C9KO!(sw&B{ȗ%EEkAp'&a_Xq+hP20Q@i~tM0K?SVRpO>5Fr[2}PE>_=^+!ftqiFXjNGVydc7+_%zMERY)l4 kN.*-*'Oΐ?͇}߼' zKu{쳜dwxO}y,2A޷70?öT \s| \SuoGjbLB윌̼_` <[9~Ԃר"qe/ k햳ko2.K8OdZ_䛞WeeY.G DrI)͜8K93Vy j2jIk}f"HD2B™vcQx&$ O@d acפKB1֏|Pi37u߂MB \mg͉WE>BUd}~sShH,z(h5H>b][]4-*P~Q?r5jͿBRk '@€f1Nz0" $q][` l1K+y35isBNjG~%d÷$$"p3ax5f~J&.Zf5伫[*뢔xwU,BM.oqk&a@?_?6"1h{ۯv\b}?6W̃<$g`Z 8>ݠ[?/C:!9s?s{臮QZx$=+84BmޝY>e>c56k;|IT:?Jކ7};pM(f$ $)ֳY]Ƃ8]"7aYWϜk dTnѫ-ڸn:`w-F_7C %kHeE`L[x\T+iV{к+@qOnԍFvXdžB1_͠RǩH.EQΈ+½eN4 fGkiO3 > stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <01><7F>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E><20AC>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 551 0 obj 1097 endobj 548 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /TeX_CM_Maths_Italic def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-31 -239 1041 750} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (TeX_CM_Maths_Italic) readonly def /BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Maths_Italic) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /C0 put dup 1 /C1 put dup 2 /C2 put dup 3 /C3 put dup 4 /C4 put dup 5 /C5 put dup 6 /C6 put dup 7 /C7 put dup 8 /C8 put dup 9 /C9 put dup 10 /C10 put dup 11 /C11 put dup 12 /C12 put dup 13 /C13 put dup 14 /C14 put dup 15 /C15 put dup 16 /C16 put dup 17 /C17 put dup 18 /C18 put dup 19 /C19 put dup 20 /C20 put dup 21 /C21 put dup 22 /C22 put dup 23 /C23 put dup 24 /C24 put dup 25 /C25 put dup 26 /C26 put dup 27 /C27 put dup 28 /C28 put dup 29 /C29 put dup 30 /C30 put dup 31 /C31 put dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 127 /Euro put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤.vA2*Sr 2@Y0}Rcx,TX|ZP ;o<[1? 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25521 endobj 558 0 obj <> stream /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def /CIDSystemInfo<>def /CMapType 2 def 1 begincodespacerange <00>endcodespacerange 1 beginbfrange <01><7F>[ <0020><0021><0022><0023><0024><0025><0026><2019> <0028><0029><002A><002B><002C><002D><002E><002F> <0030><0031><0032><0033><0034><0035><0036><0037> <0038><0039><003A><003B><003C><003D><003E><003F> <0040><0041><0042><0043><0044><0045><0046><0047> <0048><0049><004A><004B><004C><004D><004E><004F> <0050><0051><0052><0053><0054><0055><0056><0057> <0058><0059><005A><005B><005C><005D><005E><005F> <2018><0061><0062><0063><0064><0065><0066><0067> <0068><0069><006A><006B><006C><006D><006E><006F> <0070><0071><0072><0073><0074><0075><0076><0077> <0078><0079><007A><007B><007C><007D><007E><20AC>]endbfrange endcmap CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end endstream endobj 559 0 obj 1097 endobj 556 0 obj <> stream %!PS-AdobeFont-1.0 11 dict begin /FontName /TeX_CM_Roman def /FontType 1 def /FontBBox {-31 -250 1000 750} readonly def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /PaintType 0 def /FontInfo 8 dict dup begin /FullName (TeX_CM_Roman) readonly def /BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Roman) def end def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /C0 put dup 1 /C1 put dup 2 /C2 put dup 3 /C3 put dup 4 /C4 put dup 5 /C5 put dup 6 /C6 put dup 7 /C7 put dup 8 /C8 put dup 9 /C9 put dup 10 /C10 put dup 11 /C11 put dup 12 /C12 put dup 13 /C13 put dup 14 /C14 put dup 15 /C15 put dup 16 /C16 put dup 17 /C17 put dup 18 /C18 put dup 19 /C19 put dup 20 /C20 put dup 21 /C21 put dup 22 /C22 put dup 23 /C23 put dup 24 /C24 put dup 25 /C25 put dup 26 /C26 put dup 27 /C27 put dup 28 /C28 put dup 29 /C29 put dup 30 /C30 put dup 31 /C31 put dup 32 /space put dup 33 /exclam put dup 34 /quotedbl put dup 35 /numbersign put dup 36 /dollar put dup 37 /percent put dup 38 /ampersand put dup 39 /quoteright put dup 40 /parenleft put dup 41 /parenright put dup 42 /asterisk put dup 43 /plus put dup 44 /comma put dup 45 /hyphen put dup 46 /period put dup 47 /slash put dup 48 /zero put dup 49 /one put dup 50 /two put dup 51 /three put dup 52 /four put dup 53 /five put dup 54 /six put dup 55 /seven put dup 56 /eight put dup 57 /nine put dup 58 /colon put dup 59 /semicolon put dup 60 /less put dup 61 /equal put dup 62 /greater put dup 63 /question put dup 64 /at put dup 65 /A put dup 66 /B put dup 67 /C put dup 68 /D put dup 69 /E put dup 70 /F put dup 71 /G put dup 72 /H put dup 73 /I put dup 74 /J put dup 75 /K put dup 76 /L put dup 77 /M put dup 78 /N put dup 79 /O put dup 80 /P put dup 81 /Q put dup 82 /R put dup 83 /S put dup 84 /T put dup 85 /U put dup 86 /V put dup 87 /W put dup 88 /X put dup 89 /Y put dup 90 /Z put dup 91 /bracketleft put dup 92 /backslash put dup 93 /bracketright put dup 94 /asciicircum put dup 95 /underscore put dup 96 /quoteleft put dup 97 /a put dup 98 /b put dup 99 /c put dup 100 /d put dup 101 /e put dup 102 /f put dup 103 /g put dup 104 /h put dup 105 /i put dup 106 /j put dup 107 /k put dup 108 /l put dup 109 /m put dup 110 /n put dup 111 /o put dup 112 /p put dup 113 /q put dup 114 /r put dup 115 /s put dup 116 /t put dup 117 /u put dup 118 /v put dup 119 /w put dup 120 /x put dup 121 /y put dup 122 /z put dup 123 /braceleft put dup 124 /bar put dup 125 /braceright put dup 126 /asciitilde put dup 127 /Euro put readonly def currentdict end currentfile eexec M#1H5 J6o \&rtS(#v\0\޹V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6 (efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@  o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤.vA2*Sr 2@Y0}S/8W}efFz~"7Mԗ3T3#m AE=90}c:o|y$)|DKf{(!✱դs'Xt{r6\C~ -x{jFҘ{@]##')\}7l"ۂ8 c.)a0KcyZ$FX(uØ!{uh\[l^d*BֿAJyPOMlJvNab?$h:`/A[ 88hxtXX*UT<NoR^@z !cefWE(3ZmC:A~Y&w$ř/LGjq6Sπ4E0rrdyrx˫3JLqT |heT[?bqv\6Kw0ֻ#[[#Fo碜m w#ojsnlϴ=9Żԕ)~\]G˧Ž9#iiՋToI.9[ڔl6l_vtK"JfKPč+: Α/ (kw} >qoF6 EQO8Ql68ůĊɻ֕GNKEvw*70Uz7+*t8w͌`уg;5unV#/-VPoWHY +H%5̶bGPgsPU v "h$9;Ap52@\_A-0@i:0­&"MW\45@27wRItgtEa5 ew#oH}TȒ)HEY$@W`rTm Ž^xlIC' U:* 3?RCG 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