# Wrapper module for _ssl, providing some additional facilities
# implemented in Python.  Written by Bill Janssen.

"""\
This module provides some more Pythonic support for SSL.

Object types:

  SSLSocket -- subtype of socket.socket which does SSL over the socket

Exceptions:

  SSLError -- exception raised for I/O errors

Functions:

  cert_time_to_seconds -- convert time string used for certificate
                          notBefore and notAfter functions to integer
                          seconds past the Epoch (the time values
                          returned from time.time())

  fetch_server_certificate (HOST, PORT) -- fetch the certificate provided
                          by the server running on HOST at port PORT.  No
                          validation of the certificate is performed.

Integer constants:

SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP
SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
SSL_ERROR_SSL
SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT

SSL_ERROR_EOF
SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ERROR_CODE

The following group define certificate requirements that one side is
allowing/requiring from the other side:

CERT_NONE - no certificates from the other side are required (or will
            be looked at if provided)
CERT_OPTIONAL - certificates are not required, but if provided will be
                validated, and if validation fails, the connection will
                also fail
CERT_REQUIRED - certificates are required, and will be validated, and
                if validation fails, the connection will also fail

The following constants identify various SSL protocol variants:

PROTOCOL_SSLv2
PROTOCOL_SSLv3
PROTOCOL_SSLv23
PROTOCOL_TLSv1
"""

import textwrap
import re

import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate

from _ssl import OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER, OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO, OPENSSL_VERSION
from _ssl import SSLError
from _ssl import CERT_NONE, CERT_OPTIONAL, CERT_REQUIRED
from _ssl import RAND_status, RAND_egd, RAND_add
from _ssl import \
     SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN, \
     SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, \
     SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE, \
     SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP, \
     SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL, \
     SSL_ERROR_SSL, \
     SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT, \
     SSL_ERROR_EOF, \
     SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ERROR_CODE
from _ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv3, PROTOCOL_SSLv23, PROTOCOL_TLSv1
_PROTOCOL_NAMES = {
    PROTOCOL_TLSv1: "TLSv1",
    PROTOCOL_SSLv23: "SSLv23",
    PROTOCOL_SSLv3: "SSLv3",
}
try:
    from _ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv2
    _SSLv2_IF_EXISTS = PROTOCOL_SSLv2
except ImportError:
    _SSLv2_IF_EXISTS = None
else:
    _PROTOCOL_NAMES[PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = "SSLv2"

from socket import socket, _fileobject, _delegate_methods, error as socket_error
from socket import getnameinfo as _getnameinfo
from socket import SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, SOCK_STREAM
import base64        # for DER-to-PEM translation
import errno

# Disable weak or insecure ciphers by default
# (OpenSSL's default setting is 'DEFAULT:!aNULL:!eNULL')
_DEFAULT_CIPHERS = 'DEFAULT:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXPORT:!SSLv2'

class CertificateError(ValueError):
    pass


def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
    """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
    """
    pats = []
    if not dn:
        return False

    dn_split = dn.split(r'.')
    leftmost = dn_split[0]
    remainder = dn_split[1:]

    wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
    if wildcards > max_wildcards:
        # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
        # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survery of established
        # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
        # reasonable choice.
        raise CertificateError(
            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))

    # speed up common case w/o wildcards
    if not wildcards:
        return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()

    # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
    # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
    # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
    if leftmost == '*':
        # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
        # fragment.
        pats.append('[^.]+')
    elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
        # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
        # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
    else:
        # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))

    # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
    for frag in remainder:
        pats.append(re.escape(frag))

    pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
    return pat.match(hostname)


def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
    """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
    SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
    rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.

    CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
    returns nothing.
    """
    if not cert:
        raise ValueError("empty or no certificate")
    dnsnames = []
    san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
    for key, value in san:
        if key == 'DNS':
            if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
                return
            dnsnames.append(value)
    if not dnsnames:
        # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
        # in subjectAltName
        for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
            for key, value in sub:
                # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
                # must be used.
                if key == 'commonName':
                    if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
                        return
                    dnsnames.append(value)
    if len(dnsnames) > 1:
        raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
            "doesn't match either of %s"
            % (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
    elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
        raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
            "doesn't match %r"
            % (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
    else:
        raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
            "subjectAltName fields were found")

class SSLSocket(socket):

    """This class implements a subtype of socket.socket that wraps
    the underlying OS socket in an SSL context when necessary, and
    provides read and write methods over that channel."""

    def __init__(self, sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None,
                 server_side=False, cert_reqs=CERT_NONE,
                 ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ca_certs=None,
                 do_handshake_on_connect=True,
                 suppress_ragged_eofs=True, ciphers=None):
        # Can't use sock.type as other flags (such as SOCK_NONBLOCK) get
        # mixed in.
        if sock.getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE) != SOCK_STREAM:
            raise NotImplementedError("only stream sockets are supported")
        socket.__init__(self, _sock=sock._sock)
        # The initializer for socket overrides the methods send(), recv(), etc.
        # in the instancce, which we don't need -- but we want to provide the
        # methods defined in SSLSocket.
        for attr in _delegate_methods:
            try:
                delattr(self, attr)
            except AttributeError:
                pass

        if ciphers is None and ssl_version != _SSLv2_IF_EXISTS:
            ciphers = _DEFAULT_CIPHERS

        if certfile and not keyfile:
            keyfile = certfile
        # see if it's connected
        try:
            socket.getpeername(self)
        except socket_error, e:
            if e.errno != errno.ENOTCONN:
                raise
            # no, no connection yet
            self._connected = False
            self._sslobj = None
        else:
            # yes, create the SSL object
            self._connected = True
            self._sslobj = _ssl.sslwrap(self._sock, server_side,
                                        keyfile, certfile,
                                        cert_reqs, ssl_version, ca_certs,
                                        ciphers)
            if do_handshake_on_connect:
                self.do_handshake()
        self.keyfile = keyfile
        self.certfile = certfile
        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
        self.ciphers = ciphers
        self.do_handshake_on_connect = do_handshake_on_connect
        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
        self._makefile_refs = 0

    def read(self, len=1024):

        """Read up to LEN bytes and return them.
        Return zero-length string on EOF."""

        try:
            return self._sslobj.read(len)
        except SSLError, x:
            if x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
                return ''
            else:
                raise

    def write(self, data):

        """Write DATA to the underlying SSL channel.  Returns
        number of bytes of DATA actually transmitted."""

        return self._sslobj.write(data)

    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):

        """Returns a formatted version of the data in the
        certificate provided by the other end of the SSL channel.
        Return None if no certificate was provided, {} if a
        certificate was provided, but not validated."""

        return self._sslobj.peer_certificate(binary_form)

    def cipher(self):

        if not self._sslobj:
            return None
        else:
            return self._sslobj.cipher()

    def send(self, data, flags=0):
        if self._sslobj:
            if flags != 0:
                raise ValueError(
                    "non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send() on %s" %
                    self.__class__)
            while True:
                try:
                    v = self._sslobj.write(data)
                except SSLError, x:
                    if x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
                        return 0
                    elif x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
                        return 0
                    else:
                        raise
                else:
                    return v
        else:
            return self._sock.send(data, flags)

    def sendto(self, data, flags_or_addr, addr=None):
        if self._sslobj:
            raise ValueError("sendto not allowed on instances of %s" %
                             self.__class__)
        elif addr is None:
            return self._sock.sendto(data, flags_or_addr)
        else:
            return self._sock.sendto(data, flags_or_addr, addr)

    def sendall(self, data, flags=0):
        if self._sslobj:
            if flags != 0:
                raise ValueError(
                    "non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall() on %s" %
                    self.__class__)
            amount = len(data)
            count = 0
            while (count < amount):
                v = self.send(data[count:])
                count += v
            return amount
        else:
            return socket.sendall(self, data, flags)

    def recv(self, buflen=1024, flags=0):
        if self._sslobj:
            if flags != 0:
                raise ValueError(
                    "non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv() on %s" %
                    self.__class__)
            return self.read(buflen)
        else:
            return self._sock.recv(buflen, flags)

    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
        if buffer and (nbytes is None):
            nbytes = len(buffer)
        elif nbytes is None:
            nbytes = 1024
        if self._sslobj:
            if flags != 0:
                raise ValueError(
                  "non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into() on %s" %
                  self.__class__)
            tmp_buffer = self.read(nbytes)
            v = len(tmp_buffer)
            buffer[:v] = tmp_buffer
            return v
        else:
            return self._sock.recv_into(buffer, nbytes, flags)

    def recvfrom(self, buflen=1024, flags=0):
        if self._sslobj:
            raise ValueError("recvfrom not allowed on instances of %s" %
                             self.__class__)
        else:
            return self._sock.recvfrom(buflen, flags)

    def recvfrom_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
        if self._sslobj:
            raise ValueError("recvfrom_into not allowed on instances of %s" %
                             self.__class__)
        else:
            return self._sock.recvfrom_into(buffer, nbytes, flags)

    def pending(self):
        if self._sslobj:
            return self._sslobj.pending()
        else:
            return 0

    def unwrap(self):
        if self._sslobj:
            s = self._sslobj.shutdown()
            self._sslobj = None
            return s
        else:
            raise ValueError("No SSL wrapper around " + str(self))

    def shutdown(self, how):
        self._sslobj = None
        socket.shutdown(self, how)

    def close(self):
        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
            self._sslobj = None
            socket.close(self)
        else:
            self._makefile_refs -= 1

    def do_handshake(self):

        """Perform a TLS/SSL handshake."""

        self._sslobj.do_handshake()

    def _real_connect(self, addr, return_errno):
        # Here we assume that the socket is client-side, and not
        # connected at the time of the call.  We connect it, then wrap it.
        if self._connected:
            raise ValueError("attempt to connect already-connected SSLSocket!")
        self._sslobj = _ssl.sslwrap(self._sock, False, self.keyfile, self.certfile,
                                    self.cert_reqs, self.ssl_version,
                                    self.ca_certs, self.ciphers)
        try:
            if return_errno:
                rc = socket.connect_ex(self, addr)
            else:
                rc = None
                socket.connect(self, addr)
            if not rc:
                if self.do_handshake_on_connect:
                    self.do_handshake()
                self._connected = True
            return rc
        except socket_error:
            self._sslobj = None
            raise

    def connect(self, addr):
        """Connects to remote ADDR, and then wraps the connection in
        an SSL channel."""
        self._real_connect(addr, False)

    def connect_ex(self, addr):
        """Connects to remote ADDR, and then wraps the connection in
        an SSL channel."""
        return self._real_connect(addr, True)

    def accept(self):

        """Accepts a new connection from a remote client, and returns
        a tuple containing that new connection wrapped with a server-side
        SSL channel, and the address of the remote client."""

        newsock, addr = socket.accept(self)
        try:
            return (SSLSocket(newsock,
                              keyfile=self.keyfile,
                              certfile=self.certfile,
                              server_side=True,
                              cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
                              ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
                              ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
                              ciphers=self.ciphers,
                              do_handshake_on_connect=self.do_handshake_on_connect,
                              suppress_ragged_eofs=self.suppress_ragged_eofs),
                    addr)
        except socket_error as e:
            newsock.close()
            raise e

    def makefile(self, mode='r', bufsize=-1):

        """Make and return a file-like object that
        works with the SSL connection.  Just use the code
        from the socket module."""

        self._makefile_refs += 1
        # close=True so as to decrement the reference count when done with
        # the file-like object.
        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)



def wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None,
                server_side=False, cert_reqs=CERT_NONE,
                ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ca_certs=None,
                do_handshake_on_connect=True,
                suppress_ragged_eofs=True, ciphers=None):

    return SSLSocket(sock, keyfile=keyfile, certfile=certfile,
                     server_side=server_side, cert_reqs=cert_reqs,
                     ssl_version=ssl_version, ca_certs=ca_certs,
                     do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
                     suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
                     ciphers=ciphers)


# some utility functions

def cert_time_to_seconds(cert_time):

    """Takes a date-time string in standard ASN1_print form
    ("MON DAY 24HOUR:MINUTE:SEC YEAR TIMEZONE") and return
    a Python time value in seconds past the epoch."""

    import time
    return time.mktime(time.strptime(cert_time, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT"))

PEM_HEADER = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"
PEM_FOOTER = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"

def DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(der_cert_bytes):

    """Takes a certificate in binary DER format and returns the
    PEM version of it as a string."""

    if hasattr(base64, 'standard_b64encode'):
        # preferred because older API gets line-length wrong
        f = base64.standard_b64encode(der_cert_bytes)
        return (PEM_HEADER + '\n' +
                textwrap.fill(f, 64) + '\n' +
                PEM_FOOTER + '\n')
    else:
        return (PEM_HEADER + '\n' +
                base64.encodestring(der_cert_bytes) +
                PEM_FOOTER + '\n')

def PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem_cert_string):

    """Takes a certificate in ASCII PEM format and returns the
    DER-encoded version of it as a byte sequence"""

    if not pem_cert_string.startswith(PEM_HEADER):
        raise ValueError("Invalid PEM encoding; must start with %s"
                         % PEM_HEADER)
    if not pem_cert_string.strip().endswith(PEM_FOOTER):
        raise ValueError("Invalid PEM encoding; must end with %s"
                         % PEM_FOOTER)
    d = pem_cert_string.strip()[len(PEM_HEADER):-len(PEM_FOOTER)]
    return base64.decodestring(d)

def get_server_certificate(addr, ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ca_certs=None):

    """Retrieve the certificate from the server at the specified address,
    and return it as a PEM-encoded string.
    If 'ca_certs' is specified, validate the server cert against it.
    If 'ssl_version' is specified, use it in the connection attempt."""

    host, port = addr
    if (ca_certs is not None):
        cert_reqs = CERT_REQUIRED
    else:
        cert_reqs = CERT_NONE
    s = wrap_socket(socket(), ssl_version=ssl_version,
                    cert_reqs=cert_reqs, ca_certs=ca_certs)
    s.connect(addr)
    dercert = s.getpeercert(True)
    s.close()
    return DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(dercert)

def get_protocol_name(protocol_code):
    return _PROTOCOL_NAMES.get(protocol_code, '<unknown>')


# a replacement for the old socket.ssl function

def sslwrap_simple(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None):

    """A replacement for the old socket.ssl function.  Designed
    for compability with Python 2.5 and earlier.  Will disappear in
    Python 3.0."""

    if hasattr(sock, "_sock"):
        sock = sock._sock

    ssl_sock = _ssl.sslwrap(sock, 0, keyfile, certfile, CERT_NONE,
                            PROTOCOL_SSLv23, None)
    try:
        sock.getpeername()
    except socket_error:
        # no, no connection yet
        pass
    else:
        # yes, do the handshake
        ssl_sock.do_handshake()

    return ssl_sock